Abstract
Visually induced motion sickness is an unpleasant but common side-effect of many simulations and VR-applications. We investigated whether an earth-fixed reference frame provided in the simulation is able to reduce motion sickness. To do so, we created a moving starfield that did not contain any indicators of the spatial orientation of the observer. As the observer was simulated to move through the randomly oscillating starfield, a time-to-contact task had to be carried out. Two colored stars on collision course with each other had to be spotted, then they disappeared and the time of their collision had to be judged. Eye-movements, task performance, and motion sickness were recorded. This condition without visual reference to the observer's upright was supplemented with three conditions containing either an earth-fixed fixation cross, an earth-fixed horizon line, or a line that was yoked to the head. Results show that only the earth-fixed horizon was able to significantly reduce visually induced motion sickness. Thus, a mere earth-stationary anchor does not suffice, a clear indication of earth horizontal seems necessary to reap a modest benefit.
Highlights
Motion sickness (MS) is a common physiological and psychological response to unfamiliar motion patterns and a frequent side-effect induced by provocative motion environments, as associated with many forms of transportation, such as ships, aircraft, and automobiles
Motion sickness can occur during Virtual Reality (VR) applications, typically labeled as visually induced motion sickness (VIMS)
VIMS is a special case of MS, which is primarily caused by stimulation of the visual system in the absence of real, physical movement (Keshavarz et al, 2014)
Summary
Motion sickness (MS) is a common physiological and psychological response to unfamiliar motion patterns and a frequent side-effect induced by provocative motion environments, as associated with many forms of transportation, such as ships, aircraft, and automobiles. Reason and Brand (1975) later formalized and distilled the previous research into the framework of sensory conflict theory, which is probably the most commonly accepted notion for the development of VIMS today It states that VIMS is caused (a) if conflicting information is provided by the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory senses; (b) if the configuration sensed among these three modalities does not match what would be expected based on previous experience. The visual stimulation in an immersive but stationary driving simulator may suggest apparent self-motion of the driver (known as vection), whereas the vestibular and somatosensory senses signal stasis This visual-vestibular conflict can, under certain circumstances (e.g., lack of adaptation mechanisms) result in the sensation of VIMS
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