Visualizing the “stateless” state: New anarcho-capitalist territorial imaginaries in the movement for private jurisdictions

A key aspect of states is their structure of power. States are not like each other in power structure, and they are different. One of the effective factors on the structure of states power is related to the use of rental resources. In this regard, one of the theories that analyzed these states is rentier state theory. Existing researches in this theory has some deficiencies, such as the methodology weakness to explain the role of rental sources on the structure of state power. So the main purpose of this paper is developing the knowledge in rentier state theory through the use of a new theoretical-experimental approach, namely the political networks dialectical approach to explaining the role of rental resources in the structure of state power. A case study is state of Bahrain. The main question is, what is the role of the rental resources in the power structure of the Bahrain state based on the political networks dialectical approach? The researcher's approach is explanatory. The theoretical framework is based on the political networks dialectical approach using of the documentation tool for qualitative findings, and of the quantitative tool (by SOCNETV software) for quantitative findings in network analysis. The results of the paper show that rental resources play a major role in building the patron-client model in the power structure of the Bahrain state, and the political networks dialectical approach is also useful in analyzing this kind of structure.

This article is a reflection of the relation between symbols and violence of political terrorism both in Italy and Germany. According to Michel Foucault's triadic relation: powers, knowledge and represent the field in which powers work and where knowledge, through different typen of communications, become symbols. States and terrorists groups act in a dialogical way according to this relation: the analysis of should be a good empirical approach on this theorization. This article uses also Agamben's terms: Homo sacer and profanations. Homo sacer is the condition of that should be sacrificed in the name of knowledge (or ideologies) either by State or by terrorism as Sovereign power. Profanation is the name gi-ven to this dialogical reproduction of State's violence and power structures by terrorist groups, according to Pierre Bourdieu's idea of symbolic violence. This essay develops a brief genealogy of the conditions and status of during the War on Terror in Italy and Germany; First, the idea of bare life, in relation to Sovereign power and symbols. Second, the relation of and masks; Third, torture, hungerstrikes and suicides, and finally, kidnapped, or bodies without bodies, the last step of the relation between and symbols. Profanations are attempts to manage violence and symbols, and the attempt to the legitimate monopoly of physical violence.

After the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, The Judicial Power has become the most fundamentally power and also as a part of the axis of power which its function is to enforce justice. According to the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, the judicial power in the structure of state power, is still placed at the power that is free from intervention or influence from other power in exercising its authority. In the structure of state power, after the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, the judicial power shall be implemented by a Supreme Court and judicial bodies underneath it in the form of public courts, religious affairs courts, military tribunals, and state administrative courts, and by a Constitutional Court. The Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, also spawned a new institution, which its function is relating to judicial power, namely an independent Judicial Commission which shall possess the authority to propose candidates for appointment as justices of the Supreme Court and shall possess further authority to maintain and ensure the honour, dignity and behaviour of judges.

After the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, The Judicial Power has become the most fundamentally power and also as a part of the axis of power which its function is to enforce justice. According to the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, the judicial power in the structure of state power, is still placed at the power that is free from intervention or influence from other power in exercising its authority. In the structure of state power, after the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, the judicial power shall be implemented by a Supreme Court and judicial bodies underneath it in the form of public courts, religious affairs courts, military tribunals, and state administrative courts, and by a Constitutional Court. The Amendment of the 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia, also spawned a new institution, beside Constitutional Court which its function is relating to judicial power, namely an independent Judicial Commission which shall possess the authority to propose candidates for appointment as justices of the Supreme Court and shall possess further authority to maintain and ensure the honour, dignity and behaviour of judges.

This chapter begins with Bill Friday's inauguration as University of North Carolina (UNC) president in the William Neal Reynolds Coliseum at State College. The event concluded with the pomp and ceremony that usually accompanies such occasions. The 7,000 people in attendance included Friday's family and old friends, as well as most of the state's power structure. Frank Porter Graham and Gordon Gray gave brief tributes, though Friday sensed surprise on their part that such a young man was taking on such a large job. Governor Luther H. Hodges presided, and a combined band from State College, Chapel Hill, and the Woman's College played “God of Our Fathers.” As Ida Friday bit back tears, Chief Justice J. Wallace Winborne of the North Carolina Supreme Court administered the oath of office.

The Sino-Australian Yiluo project focuses on the core area of early states in China, and particularly aims to obtain insights into the sociopolitical process in the Erlitou urban center and hinterland. Recent interdisciplinary researches have revealed much new information about the production and distribution of utilitarian and elite goods (stone tools and white pottery), leading to a new understanding of the hierarchical and heterarchical dimensions of the Erlitou state's power structure.

Analysis of the Honduran Zones for Employment and Economic Development

The study examines political risks in the conditions of the exercise of power, as well as the emergence of negative consequences. Changes in the structure of state power are defined, which allows to realize the organizational and legal transformation of the complex system of relations between the bearers of power and society and makes it possible to consider the issue of political risk factors as opposed to generalizing universal judgments. Power is exercised through specific decisions of people, their authority and knowledge, determination and firmness, ability to subordinate others to their will. At the same time, the bearers of power who do not possess these qualities enter the zone of political risks. They naturally cease their activities, lose power in the process of contradictions. The process of accumulation of the latter at the stage of transition from one socio-economic formation to another determines the foundations of transformational risks faced by the state power as a result of significant social and cultural shifts. The author concludes that political risks at the present stage of Russia’s development affect the political situation, their minimization is a vital priority in ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation.

With the alternative perspective of ‘institutional paradigm’ derived from the work of Douglass North and inspired by institutional economics, this paper explores the PRC's political economy from its formative period to the Reform Era. The author tries to show why State power, with overall control of the economic resources in the planned economy, was not total due to inefficient property rights, in which the State was not able to attain authority and legitimacy, and crises of national security occurred naturally. Economic reform has almost totally reconstructed economic and administrative institutions, but the party-centered State power remains unchanged. This paper shows why and how the State protects State-owned enterprises, which belong to the most influential group as well as being part of the established pillar of power. It also shows that the State protects and inspires non-State enterprises because they can produce maximum production and provide more resources for State power. Thus, the economic transition is full of paradoxes due to these internal conflicts with high institutional costs.

Metaphors play a central role in legal discourse, shaping not only how laws are understood but also how they are applied. This paper examines the pervasive use of metaphors in legal contexts, examining how they influence perceptions of justice, legal reasoning, and decision-making. Drawing on cognitive linguistics and critical discourse analysis, it highlights the dual nature of metaphors both as tools of clarity and as potential sources of bias. The analysis investigates traditional metaphors, such as architectural constructs of law, and their implications for social justice, power structures, and inclusivity. It also considers empirical research on judicial attitudes toward metaphors, uncovering how metaphorical language can sway public opinion and judicial outcomes. The paper concludes by advocating for the ethical and deliberate use of legal metaphors to promote transparency, accessibility, and fairness in the pursuit of justice. Keywords: Legal metaphors, cognitive linguistics, justice, legal discourse, critical discourse analysis.

Although participatory media practices are often adopted to address social issues with youth in school and community contexts, there is a lack of critical analysis of the visual and discursive representations that organize student-produced participatory films. To respond to this concern, I employ critical discourse analysis to examine a series of films that were created for a New Brunswick school-based participatory filmmaking program that I coordinate, called What’s up Doc? Since the project’s inception in 2009, students have produced over 60 films that have raised institutional critiques, troubled inequitable discourses, and addressed social justice issues. Drawing attention to discourses that framed students’ films, I show how the work may perpetuate, rather than fully resist, marginalizing discourses, narratives, and visual representations. In particular, I show how the films may reproduce and authorize sexist discourses, demeaning narratives, and heteronormative assumptions. Youth may have undertaken filmmaking to generate social commentary and resist inequity, but critical engagement with the What’s up Doc? program demonstrates how discursive power operates on, in, and through participatory media texts.

Management of the state power structures? organizational units for materiel and technical support requires the use of effective tools for supporting decisions, due to the complexity, interdependence, and dynamism of supply in the market economy. The corporate nature of power structures is of particular interest to centralized procurement management, as it provides significant advantages through coordination, eliminating duplication, and economy of scale. This article presents optimization models of the supply of state power structures? organizational units with centralized procurement, for different levels of simulated materiel and technical support processes. The models allow us to find the most profitable options for state power structures? organizational supply units in a centre-oriented logistics system in conditions of the changing needs, volume of allocated funds, and logistics costs that accompany the process of supply, by maximizing the provision level of organizational units with necessary material and technical resources for the entire planning period of supply by minimizing the total logistical costs, taking into account the diverse nature and the different priorities of organizational units and material and technical resources.

<i>Cooley v. Board of Wardens</i> and its Nineteenth‐Century Legacy

Reviewed by: Borderlands Curanderos: The Worlds of Santa Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo by Jennifer Koshatka Seman Spencer Dew Jennifer Koshatka Seman, Borderlands Curanderos: The Worlds of Santa Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2021) "Un Problema Para La Medicina"—"A Problem for Medicine"—ran one headline about curandera Teresa Urrea in the last decade of the nineteenth century. The phrase offers a useful entry point to this book, which approaches the healing practices of Teresa Urrea and Don Pedrito Jaramillo as medicine "from below," treating "ethnic Mexicans and Indigenous people faced with increasingly oppressive, exclusionary, and violent state power" (11). Reading the reception of these curanderos—by various factions of supporters as well as critics—Seman shows how borderlands healing practices troubled conceptions of medicine and modernity, race and national identity, even state power and capitalist logic (4). Seman reveals curanderismo to be a dynamic cultural practice and a transatlantic product as much as a New World indigenous one (with roots in Greek, Arabic, and European concepts, too), and situates shifting understandings of curanderismo within broader changes in thinking about "science" and "medicine" (from understandings of the body's electricity or magnetism to beliefs in the scientific nature of spiritualism to theories of "tropical medicine" used to justify colonialist exploitation). Neither medicine nor religion exists in isolation from state power and social structures that seek to categorize and contain, as Seman shows with impressive finesse and with a clear articulation of context that [End Page 131] allows non-experts and undergraduates to understand the historical importance of Porfirista intellectuals in exile or the Catarino Garza Rebellion. Indeed, what is most striking about the two figures Seman focuses on is how central they can be to many historical debates and trends—and how protean they are to their varied audiences. Urrea—depending on who one asked—was a curandera, an espiritista medium, a critic of Catholic leadership, and a "sad-eyed Mexican girl" whose "lovely, slender" hands were fetishized by the press (65). She was also Santa Teresa, the "Mexican Joan of Arc" who inspired an uprising of indigenous Yaqui, and, from the US side of the border, the author of revolutionary tracts against the Mexican government. As an example of the multiple and entangled roles assumed and imposed upon Urrea, the Mexican journal that published "Un Problema Para La Medicina" was a Spiritist journal, and the article's author, an American Spiritist and medical doctor, intended the headline as a celebratory note. He argued that Urrea, like various other historical faith healers, including Jesus, was here to alleviate human suffering; she presented a "problem" for institutionalized, professional medicine in that she healed not as a result of elite training and in exchange for pay, but, rather, via the work of spirits and the manipulation of "magnetic fluid" (36). Similarly, when, in 1901, the American Medical Association (AMA) charged Texas-based curandero Don Pedrito Jaramillo with fraud, this was an attempt to protect a kind of monopoly—over knowledge but also the right to practice—over what counted as medicine and how healing could be regulated by law. It was also an attack on a healthcare provider who depended on "an economy of reciprocity." Refusing to profit off his abilities, Jaramillo was perhaps an even greater threat to the model of medicine-as-industry represented by the AMA. The AMA's perpetuation of coloniality is less visibly striking than the massacre of indigenous Yaqui—Teresita rebels rallying under the name of Urrea—whose corpses were stacked for a photograph outside the Nogales customs house in August of 1896. Seman pairs this image, early in her book, with a similar souvenir photograph of corpses: bodies in a mass grave at Wounded Knee, 1891, laying out in gut-wrenching black-and-white the stakes of alternative cultural "scripts" for healing and showing colonialist violence at its most immediate (101). Similarly powerful is this book's concluding chapter, which insists that these healers "are more than mere cultural footnotes to history" by situating their legacies in the context of the contemporary borderlands politics, alongside the ongoing colonialist expansion and displacement of natives that is El Paso's...

This chapter provides an overview of state governance of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and introduces state structure and organs of State power. The ultimate political and legal superstructure of the PRC is featured by the political leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) or the Party—the Party leads all lines of work and all walks of life. Three organs of Government are presented within this political and legal superstructure. Two broad categories of components in the State machinery are defined for further elaboration in later chapters; one is for the defense and protection of the State against external and internal enemies, and the other for the upkeep, continuation and promotion of society and its welfare. The two categories of State apparatuses interact between them, and the latter category interacts directly with the economic base or infrastructure, hereby establishing causal linkages between the superstructure and the infrastructure. This structure of governance is replicated at local levels and administrative divisions are presented and explained accordingly. The chapter concludes by deliberating on the literal translation of the Mandarin title of this book, China—across vertical and horizontal connexions, which portrays lucidly the features and dynamics in PRC governance.