Abstract
In the electrolyte application for dye sensitized solar cells, utilization of ionic liquids is getting the highlights to replace volatile organic solvent thanks to their low volatility, thermal and electrochemical stability. The iodide/triiodide redox electrolyte is the preferred choice for this application, hence numerous iodide-based ionic liquids have been explored and reported. On the contrary, the transport properties of triiodide based ionic liquid is often lack of reporting despite of having an equal influence on the overall viscosity and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. In this study, three alkylimidazolium triiodide ionic liquids were synthesized from the respective alkylimidazolium iodide ionic liquids precursors and their physicochemical and conductivity properties are reported. 1H NMR analysis showed a slight shifting of position of the resonances of triiodide based alkylimidazolium ionic liquids as compared to their precursors due to less electronegativity nature of triiodide anion. The formation of triiodide-based imidazolium ILs have dramatically altered the transport properties in which the ionic liquids obtained are of low viscosity and high ionic conductivity.
Highlights
Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as an ideal material in various energy application such as capacitors, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), batteries and other electrochemical applications [1]
The iodide based ionic liquids namely [PMIM][I], [BMIM][I] and [PENMIM][I] were synthesized in the first place to act as the precursors to obtain [PMIM][I3], [BMIM][I3] and [PENMIM][I3] respectively
The alkylimidazolium iodide ionic liquids [PMIM][I], [BMIM][I] and [PENMIM][I] obtained were all in viscous yellow liquids. Each of these three imidazolium iodide ILs were reacted with an equimolar amount of iodine to yield [PMIM][I3], [BMIM][I3] and [PENMIM][I3] which are all in the form of black liquid
Summary
Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as an ideal material in various energy application such as capacitors, dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), batteries and other electrochemical applications [1]. Almost systematically in DSSC electrolyte, iodine is added to iodide based ILs to become the iodide/triiodide redox couple. Not limited for the application in DSSC only, these fundamental data of triiodide based ILs might shed a new perspective in term of incorporating these materials into different application in the future. In this recent study, three alkylimidazolium iodide ILs of different alkyl chain length (C3-C5) were synthesized to be the precursor to obtain three imidazolium triiodide ILs. The synthesized ILs were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) followed by the exploration on the transport properties such as viscosity and ionic conductivity. This study is hoped to shed light on the suitability of triiodide based ILs to be incorporated into different energy application
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