Abstract
AbstractMultiples have longer propagation paths and smaller reflection angles than primaries for the same source–receiver combination, so they cover a larger illumination area. Therefore, multiples can be used to image shadow zones of primaries. Least‐squares reverse‐time migration of multiples can produce high‐quality images with fewer artefacts, high resolution and balanced amplitudes. However, viscoelasticity exists widely in the earth, especially in the deep‐sea environment, and the influence of Q attenuation on multiples is much more serious than primaries due to multiples have longer paths. To compensate for Q attenuation of multiples, Q‐compensated least‐squares reverse‐time migration of different‐order multiples is proposed by deriving viscoacoustic Born modelling operators, adjoint operators and demigration operators for different‐order multiples. Based on inversion theory, this method compensates for Q attenuation along all the propagation paths of multiples. Examples of a simple four‐layer model, a modified attenuating Sigsbee2B model and a field data set suggest that the proposed method can produce better imaging results than Q‐compensated least‐squares reverse‐time migration of primaries and regular least‐squares reverse‐time migration of multiples.
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