Abstract
This study aimed to diagnose Lumpy skin desease by isolation and identification of LSD from suspected naturally infected cattle and to study its effect on immuno-biochemical parameters, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. The study was conducted on 25 cattle, 1-3 years age from two cities in the Sharkia governorate. Ten clinically healthy cattle represented the control group and fifteen suspected diseased cases by LSD represented the infected group. The clinical signs of suspected cases showed anorexia, skin nodules all over the body, fever above 40˚C, edema in forelimbs and dewlap, enlarged superficial lymph nodes, retarded milk production, and abortion in some cases. The virological examination of LSDV from the samples of skin nodules was done. Isolation from skin nodules was done on MDBK cell line and embryonated chiken egg through chorioallantoic membrane route followed by identification using fluorescence technique . Molecular studies including phylogenetic analysis for three positive isolates showed similarity to previously locally isolated strains in Egypt and close relation to strains of SPPV. Immuno-biochemical results revealed a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase , alanine aminotransferase , alkaline phosphatase , Malondialdehyde , Tumor necrosis factor , Interleukin4,immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G . Meanwhile, a significant decrease in total protein, albumin, globulin, Glutathione peroxidase, phagocytic assay, calcium, inorganic phosphorous, sodium, and potassium with a non-significant change in magnesium was seen when compared to control ones. It could be concluded that the infection with LSD in cattle induce severe effects on immuno-biochemical, antioxidant parameters, and inflammatory markers causing great economic loss
Highlights
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheep pox and goat poxviruses are members of the genus Capripoxvirus, within the chordo-poxvirinae subfamily of Poxviridae
The cattle affected by Lumpy skin disease show signs of anorexia, skin nodules, fever above 40 ̊C, edema in forelimbs, and dewlap with a decrease in the milk production, lacrimation, nasal discharge, and enlarged superficial lymph node (Figs. 1-4)
Tissue culture MDBK Infected cells develop a characteristic cytopathic effect CPE consisting of retraction of the cell membrane from surrounding cells, and eventually rounding of cells and margination of the nuclear chromatin
Summary
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheep pox and goat poxviruses are members of the genus Capripoxvirus, within the chordo-poxvirinae subfamily of Poxviridae. The genomic sequence of LSDV is about 151-kbp in Chordopoxvirinae, it, contains a unique genes responsible for viral host range and virulence (Tulman et al, 2001). Lumpy skin desease (LSD) is an acute, subacute, or unapparent viral disease of cattle and occasionally buffaloes. Characterized by pyrexia, generalized skin and internal pox lesions, and generalized lymphadenopathy, orchitis, and mastitis (Hamouda et al, 2002, Brenner et al, 2006 and Tuppurainen and Oura, 2012). It causes high economic losses, characteristic skin nodules, fever, and emaciation (Ebtsam et al, 2012). In Egypt, LSDV was first isolated and identified from cattle during two outbreaks in Suez and Ismalia governorates during 1989 (House et al 1990 and Davies, 1991)
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