Abstract
Viral, fungal, and “atypical” bacterial pathogens are important causes of infections in critically ill patients. Many of these pathogens predominantly cause disease in immunosuppressed patients, but immunocompetent patients can also face serious illness or death. Understanding the risk factors and clinical syndromes caused by these pathogens is necessary to quickly identify patients who may need specialized diagnostics and treatment and is an essential component of training for any provider who practices in the intensive care unit. In this review, we discuss the most relevant aspects of clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of these infectious agents, with a particular focus on respiratory tract infections. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of influenza, invasive Candida infections, aspergillosis, and Legionella are highlighted. This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables, and 94 references. Key words: Candida, influenza, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Legionella pneumophilia, viral pneumonia
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