Abstract
Vibrios are ubiquitous bacteria in aquatic systems, especially marine ones, and belong to the Gammaproteobacteria class, the most diverse class of Gram-negative bacteria. The main objective of this review is to update the information regarding the ecology of Vibrio species, and contribute to the discussion of their potential risk in a changing environment. As heterotrophic organisms, Vibrio spp. live freely in aquatic environments, from marine depths to the surface of the water column, and frequently may be associated with micro- and macroalgae, invertebrates, and vertebrates such as fish, or live in symbiosis. Some Vibrio spp. are pathogenic to humans and animals, and there is evidence that infections caused by vibrios are increasing in the world. This rise may be related to global changes in human behavior (increases in tourism, maritime traffic, consumption of seafood, aquaculture production, water demand, pollution), and temperature. Most likely in the future, Vibrio spp. in water and in seafood will be monitored in order to safeguard human and animal health. Regulators of the microbiological quality of water (marine and freshwater) and food for human and animal consumption, professionals involved in marine and freshwater production chains, consumers and users of aquatic resources, and health professionals will be challenged to anticipate and mitigate new risks.
Highlights
The Vibrionaceae family includes the genera Aliivibrio, Catenococcus, Enterovibrio, Grimontia, Listonella, Photobacterium, Salinivibrio, and Vibrio [2], and is a genomically, phylogenetically, and functionally diverse group with comma- or curved rod-shaped motile bacteria, most with polar flagellation. These family members are heterotrophic bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, occupying niches in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems, as well as in aquaculture systems, and contributing to nutrient cycling [3,4,5,6]
Despite the general relationship observed between the presence and abundance of Vibrio spp. in higher water temperatures, species have specific responses to temperature: some prevail the whole year, while others were only detected at a specific temperature range, or are less affected by this parameter
Vibrionaceae diversity was investigated in Tunisia, in a Ruditapes decussatus hatchery located in the coastal marine waters, and V. alginolyticus was the predominant species (54% of the strains were isolated from the inside of larva and post-larva rearing structures), followed by V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, and V
Summary
The Vibrionaceae family includes the genera Aliivibrio, Catenococcus, Enterovibrio, Grimontia, Listonella, Photobacterium, Salinivibrio, and Vibrio [2], and is a genomically, phylogenetically, and functionally diverse group with comma- or curved rod-shaped motile bacteria, most with polar flagellation These family members are heterotrophic bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, occupying niches in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems, as well as in aquaculture systems, and contributing to nutrient cycling [3,4,5,6]. Species of Vibrio are present in all aquatic environments, especially the saline ones, and are capable of growth as a free-living organism, in association and in mutualism/symbiosis with many aquatic organisms They have the ability to adapt and respond fast to environmental changes. The main goal of this review was to update the information regarding the distribution and the ecology of Vibrio spp., and contribute to the discussion of their potential risks in a changing environment
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