Abstract
Sound and vibrations that cause the skull bone to vibrate can be heard as ordinary sounds and this is termed hearing by bone conduction (BC). Not all mechanisms that causes a skull vibration to result in BC hearing are known, and one such unknown is how the direction of the vibration influences BC hearing. This direction sensitivity was investigated by providing BC stimulation in five different directions at the vertex of the guinea pig skull. The hearing thresholds for BC stimulation was obtained in the frequency range of 2 to 20 kHz by measurements of compound action potential. During the stimulation by BC, the vibration of the cochlear promontory was measured with a three-dimensional laser Doppler vibrometer resulting in a set of unique three-dimensional velocity magnitude combinations for each threshold estimation. The sets of three-dimensional velocity magnitude at threshold were used to investigate nine different predictors of BC hearing based on cochlear promontory velocity magnitudes, six single direction (x, y and z directions in isolation, the normal to the stapes footplate, the oval to round window direction, and the cochlear base to apex direction), one linear combination of the three dimension velocity magnitudes, one square-rooted sum of the squared velocity magnitudes, and one sum of the weighted three dimensional velocity magnitudes based on a restricted minimum square error (MSE) estimation. The MSE gave the best predictions of the hearing threshold based on the cochlear promontory velocity magnitudes while using only a single direction gave the worst predictions of the hearing thresholds overall. According to the MSE estimation, at frequencies up to 8 kHz the vibration direction between the right and left side gave the greatest contribution to BC hearing in the guinea pig while at the highest frequencies measured, 16 and 20 kHz, the anteroposterior direction of the guinea pig head gave the greatest contribution.
Highlights
Sound and vibrations that cause the skull bone to vibrate can be heard as ordinary sounds and this is termed hearing by bone conduction (BC)
The rationale is that the vibration magnitude of the bone around the inner ear seem to be a dominant pathway for BC hearing in the human[15] and the cochlear promontory vibration magnitude correlates with perceived BC h earing[9]
The hearing thresholds in guinea pigs with air conduction (AC) stimulation and a detailed analysis of the BC thresholds with the BC transducer mounted on the top stimulation position can be found in Zhao et al.[30]
Summary
Sound and vibrations that cause the skull bone to vibrate can be heard as ordinary sounds and this is termed hearing by bone conduction (BC). Such complex motion prevents an easy transformation of the skull bone vibration to a sound perception At present, it is not known how different types of wave modes and vibration directions influence hearing by BC stimulation. One approach to accommodate for this uncertainty is to use the square-root of the sum of the orthogonal vibration components squared[5] The rationale for this estimate is that it represents the vibrational energy of the cochlear promontory and it is less affected by resonances or anti-resonances in the transmission pathway that can appear in a single direction. One advantage of the latter is that it contains the phase information of the vibration which is important for understanding the mode of vibration
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