Abstract
ABSTRACT: Although Northeast Brazil is considered free of foot and mouth disease (FMD) with vaccination, several economic and health damages are still recorded due to the occurrence of vesicular syndromes that can be evaluated, such as Vesicular Stomatitis (VS). Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the occurrence of this disease and to determine the predominant viral serotype in suspected cases notified to the Official Veterinary Service of Ceará in 2013 performing official diagnostic protocols recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. After clinical and epidemiological investigation in 46 farms, 32 probable cases of VS were considered with 78 sampled animals, 65 bovines and 13 equines. Serum (54) and epithelium (24) samples were collected. Six (14.6%) of 41 bovines and 8 (61.5%) of 13 equines described seroconversion to Indiana Vesiculovirus (IVV) by viral neutralization. The IVV was detected in 15 (62.5%) of 24 bovines epithelia using the indirect sandwich ELISA. Finally, positive epithelium underwent complement fixation test viral subtyping that identified the occurrence of Indiana III serotype (Alagoas/IVV-3) in 11 (73.3%) of 15 previous positives cattle. These were the first confirmed cases of VS in Ceará with an official diagnosis of IVV-3, confirming the endemic character attributed to the state through previous unofficial serological surveys. The presence of VS is a continuing diagnostic challenge, given the risk of possible incursions of FMD. Vesicular stomatitis is recurrent and is a worrying in this area free of foot and mouth disease with vaccination that bring damage to producers and a maximum alert to the Sanitary Defense Organs in the face of a probable case of vesicular syndrome.
Highlights
RESUMO: Embora o Nordeste do Brasil seja considerado livre de Febre Aftosa (FA) com a vacinação, ainda são registrados vários prejuízos econômicos e sanitários devido à ocorrência de síndromes vesiculares que precisam ser adequadamente avaliadas, como Estomatite Vesicular (EV)
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in animals and humans occurs due to the presence of VSV, order Mononegavirales, family Rhabdoviridae, and genus Vesiculovirus, which is classified into 2 serogroups: New Jersey (NJ) virus, which is exotic in Brazil, and Indiana virus, which is present in Brazil and subdivided into the following 3 subtypes: Indiana I virus (Classical, VSIV-1), Indiana II virus (Cocal, VSIV-2), and Indiana III virus (Alagoas, VSIV3) (BEZERRA et al, 2018)
The properties considered probable cases of vesicular disease accounted for 69.6% of the total (32/46) number and presented at least 1 symptomatic animal, with signs such as lameness, sialorrhea, low body score, rectal temperature of 39.9oC, and presence of lesions in: interdigital space, hoof, coronet, pinnae, udder, teats, lips, tongue, and oral that varied from intact to ruptured or healing vesicles, cavity that varied between the integral vesicles
Summary
RESUMO: Embora o Nordeste do Brasil seja considerado livre de Febre Aftosa (FA) com a vacinação, ainda são registrados vários prejuízos econômicos e sanitários devido à ocorrência de síndromes vesiculares que precisam ser adequadamente avaliadas, como Estomatite Vesicular (EV). Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in animals and humans occurs due to the presence of VSV, order Mononegavirales, family Rhabdoviridae, and genus Vesiculovirus, which is classified into 2 serogroups: New Jersey (NJ) virus, which is exotic in Brazil, and Indiana virus, which is present in Brazil and subdivided into the following 3 subtypes: Indiana I virus (Classical, VSIV-1), Indiana II virus (Cocal, VSIV-2), and Indiana III virus (Alagoas, VSIV3) (BEZERRA et al, 2018) These Vesiculovirus infections are clinically similar to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and should be distinguished in the susceptible species, as it restricts the trade and transit of animals until the presence of definitive confirmation by official laboratories (MAPA, 2009). Prevention and eradication of VS are directly associated with actions performed by the government, such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply in close collaboration with all Official Veterinary Services (OVS) of the Brazilian states to detect any vesicular disease suspicion (LAGUARDIA-NASCIMENTO et al, 2016)
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