Abstract
AbstractVelvet antler is the only renewable bone tissue of mammalian animals, which consists of a variety of growth factors, amino acids and polypeptides. But the mechanism of high-speed proliferation without carcinogenesis is still mystifying. The previous study of this work found that the velvet antler peptides (VAP) could not only inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and U2OS, but also induced U2OS apoptosis and inhibited MG-63 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through TGF-β and Notch pathways. These results lead us to conclude that VAP has the potential ability to mediate osteosarcoma cells by regulating related signaling pathways and growth factors. Therefore, finding a new appropriate inhibitor for OS is a valuable research direction, which will give patients a better chance to receive proper therapy. From an applied perspective, this review summarized the effects of velvet antler, genes, growth factors and research progress of relative pathways and genes of osteosarcoma, which are poised to help link regenerative molecular biology and regenerative medicine in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.
Highlights
Velvet antler is the only renewable bone tissue of mammalian animals, which consists of a variety of growth factors, amino acids and polypeptides
We have found that velvet antler peptides (VAP) can inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and U2OS
Antler polypeptides contain a variety of growth factors including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, they can become the source of exogenous TGF-β which can inhibit proliferation of osteosarcoma and slow down the disease and make the prognosis of patients better
Summary
Abstract: Velvet antler is the only renewable bone tissue of mammalian animals, which consists of a variety of growth factors, amino acids and polypeptides. The previous study of this work found that the velvet antler peptides (VAP) could inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and U2OS, and induced U2OS apoptosis and inhibited MG-63 epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) through TGF-β and Notch pathways. These results lead us to conclude that VAP has the potential ability to mediate osteosarcoma cells by regulating related signaling pathways and growth factors. The VAP can induce U2OS apoptosis and inhibit MG-63 epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), while TGF-β and Notch pathways regulate these interactions. How far have we moved forward and what therapeutic strategy should we prefer for anti-pathway therapy? This review provides an overview of the most updated pathways and genes related in OS and discusses some clinical options in order to maintain or even improve progression-free survival
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