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Abstract
To explore vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D expression and its correlation with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissue. Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the levels of VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression in 64 surgicall removal ESCC tissues, tissues adjacent to cancer and normal tissues, and the relationship between VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression and lymph node metastasis was analyzed. Both VEGF-C and VEGF-D were expressed by varying degrees in esophageal cancer tissue, the tissue adjacent to cancer and normal tissue, and the positive expression rate went down successively. The positive expression rates of VEGF-C (59.4%) and VEGF-D (43.8%) in esophageal cancer tissue were significantly higher than in the tissue adjacent to cancer (34.4%, 15.6%) and normal tissue (20.3%, 12.5%), respectively, in which significant differences were manifested (p<0.01). Positive expression rates of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in esophageal cancers with lymph node metastasis were markedly higher than without such metastasis (p<0.01), while those in the tissue with TNM staging I~II were markedly lower than that with TNM staging III~IV (p<0.01). Both VEGF-C and VEGF-D are highly expressed in ESCC tissue, which may be related to the lymph node metastasis of cancer cells. Hence, VEGF-C and VEGF-D can be clinically considered as important reference indexes of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer.
Highlights
The important malignant behavior of esophageal cancer is lymph node metastasis of cancer cells through lymphatic ducts, whereas the lymph node metastasis directly affects treatment methods, local recurrence and long-term survival
Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical methods were applied to detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D expression in 64 surgicall removal esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) tissues, tissues adjacent to cancer and normal tissues, and the relationship between VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression and lymph node metastasis was analyzed
Both VEGF-C and VEGF-D were expressed by varying degrees in esophageal cancer tissue, the tissue adjacent to cancer and normal tissue, and the positive expression rate went down successively
Summary
The important malignant behavior of esophageal cancer is lymph node metastasis of cancer cells through lymphatic ducts, whereas the lymph node metastasis directly affects treatment methods, local recurrence and long-term survival. Studies on lymphangiogenesis mechanism and regulatory factors in cancer tissue have been a hotspot in tumor research. VEGF-D, a sort of expressive secretory dimer glycoprotein induced by C-FOS gene, is a lately-discovered growth factor of lymphatic ducts, which can promote tumor lymphangiogenesis and is intimately related to lymphatic metastasis of tumor cells (Sun et al, 2012; He et al, 2013). There are few studies on VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression in esophageal cancer, especially on the lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer. This study detected VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Tissue and investigated its relationship with lymph node metastasis so as to provide new ideas for early diagnosis, blocking tumor cell infiltration and metastasis of esophageal cancer
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