Abstract
ABSTRACT: Cedrela fissilis is a species of great genetic diversity, with low population density and seminal propagation, which causes difficulties in the vegetative propagation process. This research evaluated the vegetative rescue and propagation of stem cutting rooting originated from epicormic and canopy sprouts of C. fissilis. For this, the induction of epicormic sprouts was evaluated 52 days after the complete girdling and semi-girdling 20 and 40 cm from the ground, and no girdling treatment, during spring (2018), summer (2018) and autumn (2019). The variables evaluated were, survival (%), sprouting (%), number, length (cm) and diameter (mm) of sprouts. The cuttings were made from spring epicormic sprouts, divided in two categories: 10 cm cuttings placed vertically in pits and 5 cm cuttings placed horizontally in furrows. The canopy sprouts were collected in the summer, then cut in apical and intermediate cuttings (15 cm). After 60 days, the cuttings were evaluated in survival (%), rooting (%), callus (%), average number and length of roots (cm). Results showed that only the complete girdling produced sprouts (average >67%) with no difference between 20 and 40 cm heights, with a greater number of sprouts during spring. The cuttings from epicormic sprouts, planted vertically in pits presented higher percentage of rooting (44%) than cuttings planted horizontally in furrows (17%). Cuttings from the canopy had inconsiderable rooting (apical - 2%; intermediate - 0%). The girdling periods influences the number of epicormic sprouts and its use for cutting was more efficient in rooting.
Highlights
The pink cedar (Cedrela fissilis Vell.), Meliaceae botanical family, is a tree species of great importance to the national and international logging industry, occurring in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes of Brazil (MARTINS & LAGO, 2008)
All trees that went through the girdling rescue technique (20 cm and 40 cm) presented more than 67% epicormic sprouts (Table 1)
The production of epicormic sprouts from complete girdling is attributed to the total cut of the phloem, which affects the auxin and cytokinin relations, photoassimilates and metabolism in the injured area (DIAS et al, 2015)
Summary
The pink cedar (Cedrela fissilis Vell.), Meliaceae botanical family, is a tree species of great importance to the national and international logging industry, occurring in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes of Brazil (MARTINS & LAGO, 2008). V.51, n.8, is hermaphrodite, has predominantly allogamous reproduction and great genetic diversity with the possibility of selection of superior tree genotypes (KAGEYAMA et al, 2003). The vulnerability of this species is aggravated due to its natural multiplicationdistribution pattern, which has showed its occurrence on isolated individuals, besides the low population density in the remnant forests and the illegal extraction of specimens (GASPER et al, 2017). Ex situ multiplication from seeds can compensate for the threat of extinction (PEREIRA et al, 2017a) This propagation method has the risk of indefinite genetic origin, given the cross-pollination, restricting it to a small number of parental specimens and seasonality of seeds (GANDARA et al, 2014)
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