Abstract
The article provides an overview of deciduous forests of the Balkan Peninsula. It presents riverine, floodplain and moor forests, dominated by Alnus incana, A. glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, F. angustifolia, Quercus robur, Salix alba, Ulmus laevis, U. minor; acidophilous forests dominated by Betula pendula, Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea; thermophilous forests dominated by Carpinus orientalis, Ostrya carpinifolia, Quercus cerris, Q. farainetto, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens and mesophilous forests dominated by Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, F. orientalis, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia argentea, T. cordata, T. platyphyllos, Ulmus glabra. At the same time, forests were classified into the synsystematic framework of the standard Central European system to the level of an alliance.
Highlights
Research into vegetation in southeastern Europe has a long tradition
Mesic temperate forests appear in the humid sub Atlantic climate and are dominated by mesophilous deciduous tree species, such as Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus, Acer pseudoplanatus, Alnus glutinosa etc
(2) The second group is dominated by Ostrya carpinifoila, Quercus pubescens and Carpinus orientalis. Such vegetation can be found along the coast in the submediterranean area, on steep slopes with shallow soils on carbonate mountain chains that separate the coast and the continent, such as the Dinaric Alps or Shar– Pindos mountain range and on dry calcareous sites in the hinterland [62,63,64,65]. These forests are classified within Quercetea pubescentis and Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, a group of forests that are dominated by various oak species (Q. pubescens, Q. cerris, Q. petraea, Q. frainetto, etc.), oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis), hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia), as well as Mediterranean relict fir species (A. cephalonica)
Summary
Research into vegetation in southeastern Europe has a long tradition. The first fundamental works about vegetation in the region were based on the so-called physiognomic-ecological approach and originate from the beginning of the 20th century, when Gabriel Beck-Mannagetta published his work Vegetationsverhältnisse der illyrischen Länder [1] and Lujo Adamović his work Vegetationsverhälnisse der Balkanländer [2]. Mesic temperate forests appear in the humid sub Atlantic climate and are dominated by mesophilous deciduous tree species, such as Fagus sylvatica, Carpinus betulus, Acer pseudoplanatus, Alnus glutinosa etc. Evergreen vegetation can be found only in the southernmost part of Greece and there is quite a large area of submediterranean thermophilous deciduous forest there, unlike the situation in the western Mediterranean.
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