Abstract
Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a specific type of syncope associated with hypotension, bradycardia, and peripheral vasodilation usually lasting 20 seconds and rarely longer than several minutes. It is caused by emotional stress, fear, pain, instrumentation, blood phobia, heat, and orthostatic stress. When a triggering event is present, VVS is usually preceded by autonomic symptoms of pallor, sweating, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. It is a frequently cited immediate adverse event during pain procedures, with rates ranging between 0 and 8.7%. The use of moderate sedation has been shown to reduce the risk of first-time and repeat episodes of vasovagal reactions. However, early detection, simple conservative management, and a willingness to terminate the procedure have resulted in no serious adverse outcomes.
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