Vascular insult accompanied by overexpressed heme oxygenase-1 as a pathophysiological mechanism in experimental neurolathyrism with hind-leg paraparesis

Abstract

Neurolathyrism (NL) is a motor neuron disease characterized by spastic paraparesis in the hind legs. β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (l-β-ODAP), a component amino acid of the grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.), has been proposed as the cause of this disease. In our NL rat model, we previously reported that transient intra-parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in the lower spinal cord during the early treatment period. We show here a possible pathological role of the hemorrhage in motor neuron damage and paraparesis pathology. In the lumbo-sacral spinal cord, blood vessel integrity was lost with numerous TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling-positive blood vessel-like structures occurring simultaneously with the hemorrhage. We observed a coincident >10-fold increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) only in the lower spinal cord. The early period of paraparesis in the lower leg was greatly suppressed by pretreatment with zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor. In vitro, l-β-ODAP was toxic to human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared to l-glutamate. The present data shed light on the role and the mechanism of vascular insult in causing dysfunction and moribund motor neurons in experimental NL.