Abstract
Most of magnetically confined fusion devices have installed carbon as the main plasma facing material (PFM). This carbon is typically used in combination with low-Z or high-Z materials to reduce/compensate the high erosion rate caused by high heat/particle loadings. While the use of carbon has resulted in good plasma performance, its use has also generated new problems, one of which is the formation of mixed material layers consisting mainly of the constituents of the PFMs, often including sizable quantities of hydrogen isotopes from the plasma. In this paper, the present status and current objectives of the use of carbon first-walls are discussed from the viewpoint of fuel recycling and inventory.
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