Variations, fuzzy boundaries and normality in Tydeidae (Acariformes: Tydeoidea)

This note is based on the generally accepted fact that soil boundaries are usually gradual rather than abrupt, and this is followed by an application of fuzzy set theory to what are already known to be diffuse boundaries. Sediment yield measurements are used to describe the control condition against which the fuzzy and conventional boundaries are assessed. In terms of the K factor, the fuzzy boundary representation showed less difference (up to 16.8%). The Nash–Sutcliff coefficient of efficiency and the root mean square error for the fuzzy boundary are 0.96 and 1.3× 10−3 , respectively, whereas those for the conventional boundary are 0.76 and 3.4× 10−3 , respectively. The estimation by the soil erosion model shows that the fuzzy representation of geographic boundary is more accurate than the conventional method. But the difference between erosion predictions using conventional boundaries and fuzzy boundaries is relatively small.

In this paper, the solution of fractional boundary value problem with fuzzy boundary conditions is investigated. The fuzzy fractional boundary value problem is decomposed into collections of classical fractional boundary value problems. Then Adomian decomposition method is applied to solve these classical fractional boundary value problems. The collection of all solutions to these fractional boundary value problems provide the solution to the fuzzy fractional boundary value problem. The solution to this problem is expressed in terms of a fuzzy collection of crisp real functions. The boundary value problem is satisfied by every real function in the solution set. The degree of membership of each function is determined by the minimum membership degree among its associated fuzzy boundary values. It can be demonstrated that if the corresponding fractional problem has a unique solution, then the fuzzy fractional problem also has one. It showed that when triangular fuzzy numbers are assigned to the boundary values, the resulting solution at a specific time also takes the form of a triangular fuzzy number. An example is provided to explain the suggested method.

Developmental patterns of leaves in Podostemaceae compared with more typical flowering plants: saltational evolution and fuzzy morphology

OPINION article Front. Psychol., 18 November 2010Sec. Cultural Psychology https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00199

Dual-path network with synergistic grouping loss and evidence driven risk stratification for whole slide cervical image analysis.

This paper discusses the topological relations between 3D spatial entities with fuzzy boundaries, and introduces a regular block model-based computable topological analysis approaches. Based on 3D digital topology theory, a regular block is defined with 6-connectiviity and the interior, the fuzzy boundary and the k-order 6 neighborhoods of a spatial entity with fuzzy boundary are defined. Furthermore, a new topological relationship analysis model improved from 9-Intersection Model is presented and named as k-order six neighborhoods 9-Intersection model (K6N9-I Model). In this model, the original interior, boundary and exterior of 9-I Model are respectively replaced with newly defined components for spatial entities with fuzzy boundaries. SQL is introduced to compute the count and content of each intersection element of the new model. The mapping regulation from quantitative model matrix to qualitative topological relations is discussed in details and several refined topological relations such as deeply/shallowly intersect, far/nearly disjoint etc are identified.

The major challenges for medical image segmentation tasks are complex backgrounds and fuzzy boundaries. In order to reduce their negative impacts on medical image segmentation tasks, we propose an enhanced feature extraction network (EFEN), which is based on U-Net. Our network is designed with the structure of feature re-extraction to strengthen the feature extraction ability. In the process of decoding, we use improved skip-connection, which includes positional encoding and a cross-attention mechanism. By embedding positional information, absolute information and relative information between organs can be captured. Meanwhile, useful information will be strengthened and useless information will be weakened by using the cross-attention mechanism. Our network can finely identify the features of each skip-connection and cause the features in the process of decoding to have less noise in order to reduce the effect of fuzzy object boundaries in medical images. Experiments on the CVC-ClinicDB, the task1 from ISIC-2018, and the 2018 Data Science Bowl challenge dataset demonstrate that EFEN outperforms U-Net and some recent networks. For example, our method obtains 5.23% and 2.46% DSC improvements compared to U-Net on CVC-ClinicDB and ISIC-2018, respectively. Compared with recent works, such as DoubleU-Net, we obtain 0.65% and 0.3% DSC improvements on CVC-ClinicDB and ISIC-2018, respectively.

Previous work on placement expressions (e.g., “she put the cup on the table”) has demonstrated cross-linguistic differences in the specificity of placement expressions in the native language (L1), with some languages preferring more general, widely applicable expressions and others preferring more specific expressions based on more fine-grained distinctions. Research on second language (L2) acquisition of an additional spoken language has shown that learning the appropriate L2 placement distinctions poses a challenge for adult learners whose L2 semantic representations can be non-target like and have fuzzy boundaries. Unknown is whether similar effects apply to learners acquiring a L2 in a different sensory-motor modality, e.g., hearing learners of a sign language. Placement verbs in signed languages tend to be highly iconic and to exhibit transparent semantic boundaries. This may facilitate acquisition of signed placement verbs. In addition, little is known about how exposure to different semantic boundaries in placement events in a typologically different language affects lexical semantic meaning in the L1. In this study, we examined placement event descriptions (in American Sign Language (ASL) and English) in hearing L2 learners of ASL who were native speakers of English. L2 signers' ASL placement descriptions looked similar to those of two Deaf, native ASL signer controls, suggesting that the iconicity and transparency of placement distinctions in the visual modality may facilitate L2 acquisition. Nevertheless, L2 signers used a wider range of handshapes in ASL and used them less appropriately, indicating that fuzzy semantic boundaries occur in cross-modal L2 acquisition as well. In addition, while the L2 signers' English verbal expressions were not different from those of a non-signing control group, placement distinctions expressed in co-speech gesture were marginally more ASL-like for L2 signers, suggesting that exposure to different semantic boundaries can cause changes to how placement is conceptualized in the L1 as well.

H1 Patents — European Patents — Airline in-seat power supply apparatus — Infringement — Validity — Construction — Use of reference numerals — Prior art document referred to in body of specification — Fuzzy boundaries — Novelty — Obviousness — Mindset — Appeal to Court of Appeal

H1 Patents — European Patents — Airline in-seat power supply apparatus — Infringement — Validity — Construction — Person skilled in the art — Prior art documents referred to in body of specification — Fuzzy boundaries — Novelty — Obviousness — Mindset — Safety considerations — Direct infringement — Indirect infringement — Requirement of knowledge — Joint tortfeasance

This paper examines the changing practices of spatial planning, critically engaging with state theory to argue that a new generation of ‘soft spaces’ and ‘fuzzy boundaries' occupies a key position in the emergent planning system. In the process we question whether privileged scales and sectors can meaningfully be identified in current state-restructuring processes. We use interviews with key national policy makers and a case study of the Thames Gateway to test our ideas.

The definition of fuzzy boundary is crucial in research of modeling and analysis of fuzzy geographical phenomena. The problem “boundary syndrome” has been a longstanding problem in this domain, and this problem has seriously affected the research and application of fuzzy geographical model. The existing fuzzy boundary models were discussed at first, and then some models based on type-I fuzzy sets were analyzed in detail. This paper pointed out the fuzzy boundary models should have three kinds of meaning: “frontier”, “transition” and “division”. Three types of boundary models of high order fuzzy region were proposed based on interval type-2 fuzzy set, and they embody three kinds of meaning of fuzzy boundary respectively. The models proposed by this paper have a positive effect to high order geographical phenomena modeling and analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i6.1544 Full Text: PDF

An extensive fuzzy boundary was identified within the adult extension of two exemplary object-words, 'dog' and 'ball'. The fuzzy boundaries were incorporated into the standard of adult extension against which the preschool child's use of 'dog' and 'ball' was compared, and the investigation provided a framework in which children's responses to fuzzy boundary referents could be accommodated. Responses to fuzzy boundary referents were considered as having precedents within adult extension and the data revealed the provision of precedents for a significant number of the young child's applications and non-applications of the words. The investigation concluded that, through adherence to an oversimplified concept of adult extension, previous research has underestimated the degree of correspondence that exists between child and adult extension.

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 18 has published standards and quality control (QC) guidelines to ensure consistency and optimal quality for digital image display systems (DIDSs). In many of these recommended QC tests, static test patterns that contain low-contrast objects are often used to assess and validate the quality of a DIDS. These low-contrast objects often have the shape of circular disks or squares with sharp edges, neither of which resemble most of the diagnostic findings in medical images. On the other hand, circular objects with fuzzy boundaries bear a closer resemblance to lung nodules in chest radiography and masses in mammography; thus, they may be more clinically relevant in assessing display system quality. In this article human observers' contrast sensitivities of circular objects with sharp edges and those with fuzzy ones were investigated. The contrast thresholds of human viewers using a consumer-grade color LCD monitor and a medical-grade monochrome LCD monitor were measured for objects of various sizes displayed against uniform backgrounds with various luminance levels. Contrast-detail curves for circular objects with sharp edges and those with fuzzy boundaries were measured and compared. It was found that contrast thresholds for objects with fuzzy boundaries were higher (i.e., the objects were more difficult to detect) than those with sharp edges. Objects with fuzzy boundaries were potentially more sensitive in distinguishing quality differences among image display devices and thus may be a better QC measurement in detecting subtle deterioration in image display devices.

Inland recreational fisheries provide numerous socio‐economic benefits to fishers, families and communities. Recreationally harvested fish are also frequently consumed and may provide affordable and sustainable but undervalued contributions to human nutrition. Quantifying the degree to which recreationally harvested fish contribute to food security and subsistence is impeded by lack of data on harvest and consumption and by the difficulty in differentiating among recreational and subsistence fisheries. Recreational harvest records tend to be limited to wealthy, food‐secure countries and well‐monitored fisheries with clear regulations or permitting systems. These records often neglect components of recreational harvest among food‐insecure fishers who are potentially more likely to have consumption as a motivation. Here, we highlight the ‘fuzzy boundary’ that can exist between inland recreational and subsistence fisheries and argue that unreported consumption is likely to be a hidden contributor to food security in some populations. We draw on local case studies from around the world to highlight specific instances where recreationally harvested fish species contribute food and subsistence benefits to participating communities. We use these examples to highlight the diversity of ways that inland recreational fisheries contribute to human nutrition, knowledge gaps in understanding recreational fishing for food, and consequences of not accounting for them as food fisheries in policy and management. The aim of this paper is to draw the attention of resource managers and policy makers, create greater social awareness of the importance of recreational fisheries and bring to light this hidden contribution of inland fisheries to nutrition and subsistence.