Abstract
Deficiency or excess of trace elements can induce body metabolic disorders and cellular growth disturbance, even mutation and cancerization. Since there are few studies of the effect of trace elements in bladder carcinoma in China, the aim of this study was thus to assess variation using a case control approach. To determine this, 81 patients with bladder carcinoma chosen as a study group and 130 healthy persons chosen as a control group were all assayed for urinary and serum trace elements (calcium [Ca], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], selenium [Se]) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the results were analyzed by independent sample t tests. The correlative factors on questionnaires answered by all persons were analyzed by logistic regression. The results showed urinary Ca, Zn and serum Cu levels of the study group to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of he control group. Serum Ca and Se levels of study group were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of control group. There were higher urinary Zn and serum Cu concentrations in bladder carcinoma cases. Bladder carcinoma may be associated with Ca metabolic disorder, leading to higher urinary Ca and lower serum Ca. Low serum Se and smoking appear to be other risk factors for bladder carcinoma in China.
Highlights
Many studies demonstrated that trace elements existed in various forms, and kept a dynamic balance status in human body (Navarro and Rohan, 2007)
To determine this, 81 patients with bladder carcinoma chosen as a study group and 130 healthy persons chosen as a control group were all assayed for urinary and serum trace elements using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the results were analyzed by independent sample t tests
Two-thirds of patients diagnosed with superficial bladder cancer experience a recurrence of their tumor (Jemal et al, 2007)
Summary
Many studies demonstrated that trace elements existed in various forms, and kept a dynamic balance status in human body (Navarro and Rohan, 2007). Deficiency or excess of trace elements can induce body metabolic disorder and cellular growth disturbance, even mutation and cancerization (Navarro and Rohan, 2007; Arslan et al, 2011; Demir et al, 2011). Many reports have shown that the level of zinc in the serum and malignant tissues decreased in patients with some malignancies, such as carcinoma of the liver, or prostate (Vallee, 1995; Joazeiro and Weissman, 2000; Kadrmas and Beckerle, 2004). Studies have shown greatly elevated levels of Cu, Cu/Zn in cancer, such as breast, prostate and liver cancer (Daniel et al, 2004). Studies have shown greatly elevated levels of copper in cancer tissues, and some diagnostics and treatments from
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