Abstract
Bragg scattering from a rippled sea-bed may lead to reduced SNRs from proud targets, which adversely affects sonar performance. To quantify this effect, acoustic backscatter from a rippled bottom is investigated in the frequency range of 2–10 kHz by conducting a laboratory-type experiment to measure the reverberation levels from a bottom with a rippled interface. The experiment was performed in a 13.7-m deep, 110-m long, 80-m wide test pool that has 1.5 m of sand covering the bottom. In this experiment a calibrated parametric sonar was attached to a tower that was fitted with horizontal pan and vertical tilt motors. The rippled bottom was artificially formed with the aid of a sand scraper that consists of a frame and a rake that glides along the frame [Lopes et al., ‘‘Shallow Grazing Angle Sonar Detection of Targets Buried Under a Rippled Sand Interface,’’ Oceans 2002 MTS/IEEE, pp. 461–467]. The bottom backscatter measurements are compared to predictions of a model in which the interface roughness is represented by a Gaussian spectrum centered on the imposed ripple frequency band.
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