Abstract
There are limited reports about the impacts of long-term cropping and land-use systems (CLUS) on soil properties and nutrient stocks under smallholder farmers' conditions in developing countries. The objective of this research was to examine variation in soil properties and OC and TN stocks across the different CLUS in Dura sub-catchment, northern Ethiopia. Surveys and discussions on field history were used to identify nine CLUS, namely, tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trot)) mono-cropping (TM), maize (Zea mays L.) mono-cropping (MM), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)-maize intercropping (IC1), red beet (Beta Vulgaris)-maize intercropping (IC2), cauliflower-tef-maize rotation (R1), onion (Allium cepa L.)-maize-onion rotation (R2), tr eated gully (TG), untreated gully (UTG), and natural forest system (NF). A total of 27 composite soil samples were randomly collected from the CLUS for soil analysis. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and PCA. The lowest and highest bulk density was determined from NF (1.19 Mg m-3) and UTG (1.77 Mg m-3), respectively. Soil pH, EC and CEC varied significantly among the CLUS. The highest CEC (50.3 cmolc kg-1) was reported under TG followed by NF. The highest soil OC stock (175.3 Mg C ha-1) and TN stock (13.6 Mg C ha-1) were found from NF. The PCA chosen soil properties explained 87% of the soil quality variability among the CLUS. Such soil properties and nutrient stocks variability among the CLUS suggested that introduction of suitable management practices that sustain the soil system of the CLUS with poor soil properties and nutrient stocks are crucial for the study area conditions.
Highlights
Soil quality is becoming an important resource to raise crop productivity so that to meet the food required for the current and future population in developing countries as their economy mainly depends on agriculture [1,2,3,4,5,6]
This study revealed that soil properties and nutrient stocks affected significantly by the cropping and land-use systems (CLUS) in the study sub-catchment
The soil properties and nutrient stocks determined from the untreated gully (UTG) followed by tef mono-cropping (TM) showed a seriously degraded soil quality indicators
Summary
Soil quality is becoming an important resource to raise crop productivity so that to meet the food required for the current and future population in developing countries as their economy mainly depends on agriculture [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Soil degradation induced by land and soil mis-management systems coupled with high dependency on erratic and unreliable rain-fed farming system has aggravated the problem of food insecurity in Ethiopia. Against such problem, irrigation agriculture has been suggested for implementing in the conditions of Ethiopia. The sustainability of economic and ecological benefits from the microdams has been challenged by anthropogenic factors that increase sedimentation, soil and nutrients loadings and lowering of water use efficiency Such factors have aggravated the rates of siltation of the micro-dams with less than 25% of their lifetime in Tigray region [16,17,18,19]
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