Variances in trichothecene chemotype distribution in Lithuanian wheat grain and within pure culture Fusarium graminearum isolated from the same grain samples

Abstract

The Fusarium head blight emerged as the main disease of wheat in Lithuania in 2012. The chemotype diversity of FHB pathogens was not investigated prior that time. In this study chemotype determination of pure F. graminearum cultures, the main cause of FHB in wheat, isolated from grain and chemotype detection rates in homogenized grain were compared. A total of 105 pure culture F. graminearum isolates from 2013 and 144 homogenized wheat grain samples from 2013 and 2014 were analysed for presence and quantification of 15ADON, 3ADON and NIV chemotype DNA. Results show that 15ADON chemotype was clearly dominant in pure culture isolates, but not in homogenized grain, where 3ADON incidence was almost as high. Also the results allow dismissal of other toxigenic Fusarium species, F. culmorum, as either a source of NIV or the main source of 3ADON chemotype DNA in grain.