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Abstract
Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is a pest of soybean in the northern Midwest whose migratory patterns have been difficult to quantify. Improved knowledge of soybean aphid overwintering sites could facilitate the development of control efforts with exponential impacts on aphid densities on a regional scale. In this preliminary study, we explored the utility of variation in stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to distinguish soybean aphid overwintering origins. We compared variation in bulk 13C and 15N content in buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) and soybean aphids in Wisconsin, among known overwintering locations in the northern Midwest. Specifically, we looked for associations between buckthorn and environmental variables that could aid in identifying overwintering habitats. We detected significant evidence of correlation between the bulk 13C and 15N signals of soybean aphids and buckthorn, despite high variability in stable isotope composition within and among buckthorn plants. Further, the 15N signal in buckthorn varied predictably with soil composition. However, lack of sufficient differentiation of geographic areas along axes of isotopic and environmental variation appears to preclude the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic signals as effective predictors of likely aphid overwintering sites. These preliminary data suggest the need for future work that can further account for variability in 13C and 15N within/among buckthorn plants, and that explores the utility of other stable isotopes in assessing likely aphid overwintering sites.
Highlights
Since its introduction into the United States in 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has posed a significant problem to soybean growers in the northern Midwest, spreading to 80% of U.S.soybean growing regions by 2004 [1,2,3,4], and causing yield-limiting damage to soybean by removing nutrients and transmitting viruses [5,6]
It is known that soybean aphid in the United States utilizes common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) as a primary, overwintering host [11]
To account for within-plant variation, three fully expanded leaves were taken from the terminal end of separate branches on one buckthorn plant, and another three fully expanded leaves were taken from a more basal position on those same branches
Summary
Since its introduction into the United States in 2000, the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) has posed a significant problem to soybean growers in the northern Midwest, spreading to 80% of U.S. soybean growing regions by 2004 [1,2,3,4], and causing yield-limiting damage to soybean by removing nutrients and transmitting viruses [5,6]. Average soybean aphid population densities have decreased since 2004, potentially due to a number of factors, including natural enemies and farm inputs, such as neonicotinoid seed treatments [7]. It is known that soybean aphid in the United States utilizes common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) as a primary, overwintering host [11].
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