Abstract
Common rust caused by Puccinia sorghi is one of the endemic diseases of corn in Argentina. It appears every year with different levels of severity depending on the genotype of the host, the biotypes of the pathogen, and the environmental conditions. Estimates of grain weight losses ranged from about 3 to 8% for 10% of the total leaf area affected. P. sorghi is a heteroic fungus that completes its cycle on an alternative host, Oxalis spp. Its complete cycle is feasible in mild winter regions around the world. The objective of this study was to describe the factors involved in the virulence of the pathogen in the interaction Zea mays-Puccinia sorghi. Using Rp isolines, 10 pathotypes of P. sorghi were identified from 16 isolates obtained from different locations in the provinces of Santa Fe (Oliveros, Venado Tuerto and Zavalla) and Buenos Aires (Pergamino). Polymorphisms in the DNA of the different isolates of P. sorghi from this core corn-growing region of Argentina were detected by RAPD methodology. These experiments showed the genetic heterogeneity of the pathogen in this area. A high consensus rate was determined (81.4 %) between the results obtained from the virulence biotypes and the results obtained by RAPD.
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