Abstract
Vapochromic materials, which change color and luminescence when exposed to specific vapors and gases, have attracted considerable attention in recent years owing to their potential applications in a wide range of fields such as chemical sensors and environmental monitors. Although the mechanism of vapochromism is still unclear, several studies have elucidated it from the viewpoint of crystal engineering. In this mini-review, we investigate recent advances in the vapochromism of organic crystals. Among them, macrocyclic molecules and inclusion complexes, which have apparent host–guest interactions with analyte molecules (specific vapors and gases), are described. When the host compound is properly designed, its cavity size and symmetry change in response to guest molecules, influencing the optical properties by changing the molecular inclusion and recognition abilities. This information highlights the importance of structure–property relationships resulting from the molecular recognition at the solid–vapor interface.
Highlights
IntroductionThe development of chemosensors has been the subject of intensive research for potential applications in various fields covering human health, industries, and security fields
The development of chemosensors has been the subject of intensive research for potential applications in various fields covering human health, industries, and security fields.Gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and electrochemical sensing are commonly used for the detection of small molecules and volatile organic compounds
Vapochromic materials based on organic dyes, metal complexes, metal organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks have attracted a lot of attention and various researches have been carried out
Summary
The development of chemosensors has been the subject of intensive research for potential applications in various fields covering human health, industries, and security fields. High-performance liquid chromatography, and electrochemical sensing are commonly used for the detection of small molecules and volatile organic compounds. Most of these methods fail to meet the requirements of simple operation and are expensive. In this context, vapochromic materials that undergo color and/or fluorescence changes in response to specific gases and vapors have been a promising phenomenon. Metal-free vapochromic materials have been recently considered The purpose of this mini-review is to investigate recent advances in the fields of vapochromism/vapofluorochromism of organic materials, especially focusing on host–guest compounds with distinct mechanisms and where structural identification has been achieved
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