Valuespeak: How Values Broke through in Politics, the Economy and Society

Workplace culture: is your workplace effective? How would you know?

Confucian Democracy in East Asia: A Discussion of Sungmoon Kim’s <i>Democracy After Virtue: Toward Pragmatic Confucian Democracy</i>

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which shared values influences organizational effectiveness and the extent to which shared values influences profitability, productivity, and market share.Design/methodology/approach– The correlational study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Research questionnaires were administered; interviews were held with managers in the organizations studied. A total of 388 managers were randomly drawn from a population of 13,339 managers of all the 24 banks in Nigeria. The independent variable, “shared values” was measured by coordination and integration, agreement, and core values. The dependent variable, organizational effectiveness was measured by profitability, productivity, and market share. The measures used a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree. Spearman's rank correlation statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses.Findings– The result (ρ=0.555,p&lt;0.05) (see Table II) shows a significant positive relationship between shared values and profitability. The result (ρ=0.504,p&lt;0.05) (see Table III) shows a significant positive relationship between employee involvement and productivity. The result (ρ=0.359,p&lt;0.05) (see Table IV) shows a positive relationship between employee involvement and market share. There is a significant positive relationship between shared values and organizational effectiveness.Research limitations/implications– The results cannot be generalized because the study was carried out only in the banking industry. Not all the questionnaires given out were retrieved. Some respondents were reluctant to give out information about their organizations because of fear that such information will get to their competitors. Relevant literature on the topic of African origin were scarce, thus most of the literature reviewed was from Europe and America.Practical implications– The results imply that increase in the level of shared values in organizations will enhance profitability, productivity, and market share. This means that “shared values” is associated with organizational effectiveness.Originality/value– The study provides increased understanding, prediction, and appreciation of human behaviour. It enables us analyse the relationship that exist between shared values and organizational effectiveness. The study significantly enhances the body of knowledge in this area of management as it provides reliable empirical results that can be used by scholars and practitioners. It will also help to alert managers on the implications of cultivating a culture of sharing values in the organization that can serve as a competitive advantage. The study will be a challenge to further research because of its findings.

Social justice is presented frequently as a core or shared value at the very foundation of nursing practice. Despite its acceptance as a core value, its use is varied and there has been inherent difficulty in establishing a definitive explanation for what is meant by social justice. As such, a clearly defined meaning for the concept of social justice does not exist in contemporary nursing literature. Following the method outlined by Walker and Avant, an analysis of the concept of social justice provides clarity to the meaning of social justice as it is used within the nursing profession, in academia, education, and practice.

The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the nature of bonding and bridging social capital in sports clubs. Exploratory research involving interviews with club volunteers reveals that shared values and norms of commitment to the sport or the club are an important dimension of homophilic and heterophilic ties. These are expressed in the recruitment of new volunteers and explain the reluctance to recruit from outside the club. While ‘sameness’ and ‘difference’ are to some extent a product of gender, age, ethnicity and other demographic characteristics recognized by previous studies, this article identifies the importance of subjective perceptions in defining bonding and bridging ties. It is suggested that this will be more important in voluntary associations which are expressions of shared values. Further, this suggests the potential of more inductive qualitative research to unravel the complex and nuanced barriers to developing social capital through sports clubs and other associations.

In a society composed of more than one ethnic group, there can exist a variety of relationships between the dominant (frequently the majority) group and the minorities (Smolicz, 1979). If such a society is governed by a degree of consensus, rather than coercion, there must have evolved a set of shared values that oznerarch the various ethnic groups. Within such a cultural 'umbrella', ethnic groups may retain certain core values, such as a distinct language, family tradition or religion (Smolicz, 1981a) . We thus have a dynamic equilibrium established between the overarching or shared values of the country, on the one hand, and ethnic core values on the other. The dominant group exhibits its own set of majority values, many of which have percolated into the overarching framework. Such shared values should not be regarded, however, as the majority's own 'private domain', but as the common possession of all the citizens. To take an example, the overarching framework that has evolved in Australian society relates to the upholding of the western democratic political tradition; the concept of man as worthy of freedom and respect; economic pluralism whereby individuals can advance themselves according to merit; and the English language as the basic value for all Australians. Although these shared values may largely originate in the heritage of the Anglo-Saxon group, they ultimately become the property of all groups. There is, for example, an accumulation of research evidence that ethnic groups recognise the importance of English as an overarching value, in the sense that it is indispensable for communication among all Australians and the principal vehicle for the political, economic, and legal activities of society (Marioribanks, 1979, 1980; Smolicz & Secombe, 1977, 1983). However, the acceptance of English by all the ethnic groups is based upon the understanding that, for those who wish to preserve their native tongue, English represents an additional language, rather than the sole and unique means of communication.

Do shared values make a military partnership attractive to potential member countries and strengthen perceptions of that partnership's deterrent effects? While military cooperation attracts potential members through strategic benefits such as military capabilities, recent security cooperation initiatives like AUKUS emphasize liberal democratic values and human rights as their core values. This study focuses on Japan as a potential member of AUKUS in the Indo-Pacific region and explores how the Japanese public evaluates Japan's future participation in AUKUS and the agreement's anticipated deterrence effects. The results indicate that emphasizing liberal democratic values does not boost support for AUKUS or reinforce a belief in the agreement's ability to deter potential enemies. However, the findings highlight the connection between support for security cooperation and the expansion of membership, irrespective of regime types. In particular, the domestic audience exhibits selective attitudes towards South Korea, a democratic government that should be an important candidate for partnership. These findings suggest a cynical view among third-party audiences regarding the efficacy of shared values in security cooperation, as well as a double standard among the Japanese in shaping new security cooperation in the region.

Why is it that in spite of many reports that identify the limitations of current health care systems and recommend transformative solutions, change has been painfully slow and disappointingly limited? One critical factor is the influence of leaders who understand that health care is a complex adaptive system.1–3 Because of their training and experience as generalists who deal with undifferentiated illness, family physicians are particularly suited to leadership in current health care environments where evidence is often incomplete and the way forward is uncertain. These limitations are especially evident in primary care. We are challenged both to include education for values-driven leadership as a core competency and to inspire family physicians to seek out and embrace leadership opportunities. In a 2011 response paper1 to an article by Lindstrom et al2 on collaborative health policy making, Allan Best and I suggested a 6-factor framework for implementation of change in health systems, including values, governance, learning networks, innovation research, systems thinking, and leadership (Figure 1). A key principle in this framework is leadership—and not just any kind of leadership. We argue that leaders are needed who can develop working partnerships, grounded in shared values and understanding of the need for systems thinking in health care. Core values are patient and family-centered care, social responsibility, and equity; commitment to change in outcomes; and an evidence-informed approach that integrates research, theory, and practice knowledge in action. If change is to be achieved, these core values must be shared by leaders across the health professions, administration in our institutions, and relevant government departments. Figure 1 Implementation framework for change in health care. Leaders who understand complex systems know they can and must rely on facilitation and empowerment and participatory action methods, rather than on “command and control”; that they must continuously evaluate outcomes and make further changes iteratively: “Instead of attempting to impose a course of action, leaders must patiently allow the path forward to reveal itself.”4 Leaders must model openness, risk taking, and reflection, and communicate a compelling vision of what will be achieved by implementation of change. They need to provide support and advocacy to lead others to embrace the vision while appreciating diversity of opinions.5–7 They must recognize that their colleagues may be risk averse or overloaded with other demands, and that change may come slower than desired. Patience and excellent team and communication skills are essential. At the same time, the environments where leaders work need to encourage risk taking and to see unsuccessful interventions as opportunities for learning and modification, rather than personal failures. This is not the case at present. Can our health care institutions become safe and encouraging places for health care leaders and innovation, and improve the likelihood that attempted changes are both effective and sustainable? How can leaders from medicine, nursing, and other health professions advocate effectively for our health care environments, including community-based settings, to become learning organizations and networks? Meanwhile we can develop and nurture medical leaders within primary care. We can incorporate formal leadership education for medical students and family medicine residents8,9 that goes beyond traditional leadership skills training, to ensure that our graduates understand how complex systems function and how to lead within self-organizing structures. We can provide opportunities for participation in real-life change situations within hospitals, outpatient practices, health care/community partner collaborations, and other situations so learners can experience how shared leadership models work. Medical learners can appreciate that sometimes change strategies will be best led or co-led by leaders from other health professions, particularly nursing, or by managers. We can drive home the message that, by being values-driven leaders, physicians can influence contemplated solutions to health care problems so that changes result, not only in cost savings, but also in improvements in patient and family-centered care and equity. If we really want our future family physicians to become leaders, we must model leadership ourselves. Instead of complaining about the system, we can take up leadership opportunities and advocate for patients and families, for equitable care, and for healthy communities.10 By demonstrating values-driven principled leadership, we can inspire our colleagues to invest their time and energy into leading change. If enough leaders emerge who have a sophisticated appreciation of how the system operates, optimism that change is possible, and an unshakeable belief that evidence-informed change with measurement of outcomes is the only sensible way to deal with health care problems that confront us, maybe we can actually move from talk to action.

This chapter follows on directly from Chapters 4 and 5 but I will also re-examine some of the earlier themes introduced in Chapters 1, 2 and 3. In this chapter I further explore the possibilities for the introduction of a variety of constitutional patriotism through the development of a potential Bill of Rights in the UK. As such this chapter will contain an examination of many of the suggestions and proposals with regard to introducing a national debate in the UK on shared values in the run-up to establishing a Bill of Rights. As noted in Chapter 4, Britain’s human rights culture is facing an uncertain future with the shift in emphasis from a Bill of Rights to a declaration of ‘responsible’ British Citizenship in the Rights and Responsibilities Green Paper of 2009 and with David Cameron’s plans to scrap the Human Rights Act and to replace it with his Modern Bill of Rights if the Conservatives are victorious in the next general election to be held in May 2010. The purpose of writing this chapter is to explore the potential in the processes of introducing a Bill of Rights for reinvigorating a sense of belonging to the polity in the UK which was introduced in the previous chapter. Here I will explore just two of the potential array of ‘core values’, namely equality and fairness in this context.KeywordsGreen PaperNational DebateGovernment EqualityBritish StatementEqual SocietyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Introduction Quality culture serves as a tool and method to foster quality spirit in individuals and quality culture in collectives, as well as a core tool and method to guide educational organizations in continuous quality improvement and the successful establishment of a Total Quality Management (TQM) model. The study aims to explore the relationship between quality cultural values and the quality culture environment in public secondary schools in the Southeastern region, specifically investigating the extent to which quality cultural values influence the quality culture environment. Methods The paper surveys and evaluates the impact level of quality cultural values (11 values) on the quality culture environment (05 environments) in public secondary schools in the Southeastern region of Vietnam. Results Multiple linear regression analysis results indicate that quality cultural values influence the quality culture environment by 51.2% to 53.3% in Ho Chi Minh City, 40.0% to 46.8% in Binh Duong Province, and 45.8% to 50.9% in Tay Ninh Province. Four (Responsibility, Consensus, Pioneering, and Action) values are identified as core values in public secondary schools in Ho Chi Minh City, while two (Responsibility and Creativity, innovation) values are considered core values in public secondary schools in Binh Duong Province. Discussion The findings highlight that responsibility consistently plays a central role across provinces, whereas other values exert differential effects depending on contextual conditions. These results suggest that quality culture in secondary schools is shaped not only by shared values but also by regional disparities in resources and institutional environments.

In studying 'priming effects'—the process by which activated mental constructs can influence how individuals evaluate other concepts and ideas—political communication scholars have focused primarily on the frequency and recency of construct use in the accessibility of specific cognitions; less attention has been given to the spread of activation among related cognitions. Drawing from both of these research interests, we argue that media framing of issues in moral or ethical terms can prime voters to (1) make attributions about candidate integrity, and/or (2) evaluate other political issues in ethical terms. To examine these relationships, this research used the same experimental design with two sub-populations—evangelical Christians and university undergraduate students—expected to differ in the inter-connectedness of core values with political attitudes. A single issue, which varied in the types of values in conflict, was systematically altered across four otherwise constant political environments to examine priming effects. Findings suggest that future research should conceptualize priming more broadly to include considerations of both the accessibility of cognitions in short-term memory and the pathways among information in long-term memory. Two related though differing research streams growing out of cognitive psychology offer insight into 'priming effects,' the process by which activated mental constructs can influence how individuals evaluate other concepts and ideas. Some scholars have studied how cognitions frequently or recently activated in response to a stimulus become more readily accessible—that is, available in short-term memory—for application to other attitude objects (see Iyengar and Kinder 1987, Wyer and Srull 1989). Other scholars have focused on the spread Correspondence should be addressed to David Domke, University of Minnesota, School of Journalism and Mass Communication, m Murphy Hall, 206 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Fax: (612) 626-8251. © World Association for Public Opinion Research igg8 52 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH of activation among cognitions, stressing the manner in which constructs are arranged and linked in long-term memory (see Anderson 1983, Fazio 1986). In examining the means by which activated cognitions influence individuals' processing and evaluation of information, these research perspectives account for similar findings, but also provide unique insights. Drawing from both of these research domains, we argue that media coverage of political issues has the potential to activate particular cognitions, which then may be used in evaluating other elements of the political environment. Specifically, media framing of issue information—by highlighting some dimensions of issues while excluding other aspects—seems likely to foster priming effects. In this article, we posit that framing issues in a manner that focuses on their moral or ethical dimensions can prime voters to (1) make attributions about candidate character, particularly integrity, and/or (2) evaluate other political issues in ethical terms. However, these relationships should be mediated by the specific features of any issue, the particular values emphasized in media coverage, and individuals' cognitive networks, thus fostering different priming effects from different issues for different people. To examine these ideas, this research systematically altered a single issue—which varied in the types of values in conflict—across four otherwise constant political environments to examine how voters process, interpret, and use issue information while 'voting' in a simulated election. Two sub-populations expected to differ in their core values and the interconnection of those values with political attitudes were selected for study: evangelical Christians and university undergraduate students. These groups were chosen for three reasons: (1) evangelical Christians have demonstrated increasing prominence and power in recent U.S. elections; (2) there has been little systematic study of evangelical Christians' political cognitions, although many have speculated about their values and behavior in electoral contexts; (3) most important, evangelical Christians, as a group, seem much more likely than undergraduate students to have well-integrated mental frameworks in which ethical or moral values—a key component of the theory advanced in this article—are closely linked with political attitudes. Thus, utilizing the same experimental design with these two populations provides a more thorough examination of our theory and allows consideration of differences in priming.

Based on two business processing reengineering theories that are the enterprise group's core and subservience, this paper discusses the finance shared service center's establishment process on the ba sis of enterprise group's financial management and control revolution and business processing reconstruction. It also pulls the influencing factors that enterprise group carries out financial shared se rvices core value together, and analyzes from dimensions such as technology, personnel, strategy, organization, service, management and process etc. The following statements present its important value. It covers the shortage that there are too many studies on financial shared services core value's influencing factors but restricted to subservience processing reconstruction to perfect the influencing factors of financial shared services core value's lifting. What's more, it provides support to bring the effect of financial shared services core value and superior function for enterprise group.

The use of branding in politics has changed and political parties are increasingly using branding to distinguish themselves from competitors during elections. Political parties and the offerings of organisations have similar characteristics, as the offerings that the consumer votes for are intangible, perishable, heterogeneous and inseparable from the service provider. Similar to commercial organisations, political parties are interested in understanding why voters are drawn to the specific party and what motivates voters to switch to a competing party. There are thus many similarities between how customers choose between commercial brands, and how voters choose the political party they intend to support (Ahmed et al., 2017). Due to the complex nature of political branding, political parties, as brands, are dynamic and the political party needs to ensure that voters understand what the party entails in terms of their core values, such as social equality (Pich et al., 2019). The integration of branding principles into consumer (voter's) preference has led to political parties being branded differently to be distinguishable. According to Busby and Cronshaw (2015), differentiation can be achieved by moving away from simply providing customers (voters) with image-based differentiation but by promising them a lifestyle-enhancing experience which provides benefits to both the customers and the brand. Parties have therefore realised the importance and relevance of having a strong branding strategy. Darling and Gilbert (2019) note that voters do not see much differentiation between the various parties' mandate. In line with the views of Needham and Smith (2015) who states that there is a growing consensus that parties and politicians can usefully be conceptualized as brands, Ferreira and Van Eyk (2022) recommends that more research is needed on political branding and voters' perceptions. It is important that political parties identify and understand the political brand elements that influence voters' decision making. The aim of the paper is to create a conceptual model of political brand elements that can influence voters' decision making. Keywords: Elections, Branding, Politics, Preference, Voting

Purpose: The article presents an analysis of the party-functional case of the construction of social and political discourse in Russian public policy. The aim of the study is to highlight the features of partogenesis and the functioning of political parties in the context of constructing social and political discourse and expanding the area of public policy in Russia.Design/Methodology/Approach: The article notes that design in its political-project content is a process of meaning-making and ideological activity of the state, authorities and administration, political parties, political and scientific elite, public organizations aimed at forming a certain system of social political relations (social and political reality).Findings: The study traced the evolution of specific political conditions of party functioning and their correlation with the process of constructing social and political discourse in public politics. Conclusions are drawn about the peculiarities of Russian partogenesis and party functioning, its stages are highlighted and their significance for the process of constructing socio-political discourse in the context of expanding public policy is specified. The segmentation of the party-political discourse is shown and the tendency of replacement of the functional of political parties as political subjects of the social-political discourse with the functional of other public institutions is revealed. The most important conclusion is that a significant part of the functions traditional for political parties are beginning to be performed in parallel by other socio-political institutions as new subjects of public policy, and the only immanent monopoly function of political parties as political subjects of social and political discourse is to ensure the normative legitimacy of power.Originality/Value: The originality of the article lies in the fact that, methodologically, it uses two author’s criteria: transformation of the functions of political parties in socio-political discourse, and also the evolution of specific political conditions of party functioning and their correlation with the construction of socio-political discourse in public policy. The using of the author's methodology made it possible to re-evaluate socio-political phenomena in the context of constructing socio-political discourse.KeywordsChoicesDesignSocio-political discoursePublic organizationsParty systemPolitical partyPolitical systemPublic policyJEL CodesH1H7K4Y8

The failure of PKB to institutionalize shared values has provided deep impact of its existence. The presence of vague or indistinct values and party less commitment to establish shared values as working ideology and collective identity are factors behind such a failure. Moreover, the massive role of outsiders in assisting party to create and socialize shared values also becomes the thing that confuses the value infusion process. There are three impacts of the absent of shared values in PKB namely, the establishment of internal factions or grouping based on the spirit of pragmatism, the growth of loyalty dedicated to the figures rather than the party itself which over time overshadows cadres’ loyalty to the party and the appearance of different or gradation in understanding party’s ideology. Those three impacts eventually have become reason behind catastrophic condition that ruins party’s internal solidity. Keywords : PKB, political party, institutionalization.