Validez e invarianza de la escala DAS-10 en estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento por el COVID-19

Los criterios que emplean los estudiantes universitarios para evaluar la in-eficacia docente de sus profesores

Introduction:Depression is a frequent mood disorder among medical students that can lead to multiple negative consequences at individual and social level (such as academic achievement and interpersonal conflicts) as well as patient care performance. Therefore, the need of depression decreasing treatments in medical students is important. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression in a sample of Mexican medical students.Methods:This study will be performed under a quasi-experimental design to verify the effectiveness of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression to reduce depressive symptoms in medical students from two public universities in northwestern Mexico. The participants will be assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. In addition to the psychometric assessment, there will be an electroencephalogram evaluation using the EMOTIV (v 1.1) device.Results:A pre-post intervention of 10 Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression sessions will be implemented. The results of the effectiveness of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression will be analyzed in five measures at pre-post intervention and two follow-ups of 3 and 6 months.Conclusions:This study looks for evidence regarding the efficacy and feasibility of the Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression in a sample of medical students from two public universities in Mexico with high levels of depression along with stress and anxiety.

We present an analysis regarding generic skills on engineering program offered in a public state university in Mexico (UABC). The university implemented a new educational model changing rigid programs to flexible programs based on competencies. The goal is to determine generic skills related to the four pillars of learning: learning to do, learning to know, learning to be, and learning to live together. This work is non experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The study reflect upon the generic competences that students consider are being promoted during their first years in the university and provides a reference for the methodology to identify development of generic skills in engineering students.

Objective: This work aimed to develop and validate a scale to assess motivations for alcohol drinking among Mexican college students. Methods: The scale design consisted of applying a stimulus phrase to assess motivations for moderate alcohol drinking (up to three drinks per occasion) and severe alcohol consumption (four or more drinks) in 130 college students. The semantic network technique was applied to identify 15 defining motivations (with more considerable semantic weight) for each drinking level, constituting the pilot scale. The pilot scale was validated on 307 students from a public university in Mexico (255 with moderate drinking and 82 with severe consumption). Results: The final number of items per level of drinking was 10 (moderate drinking) and 13 (severe consumption). Internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha) for the first one was 0.886 with three factors that explain 57.5% of the total variance; the second had an alpha of 0.884 with four factors that explain 70.5% of the total variance. All the factors had positive correlations with the risk perception for alcohol drinking, and there was a positive correlation between severe consumption motivation and the risk perception for consumption of other substances. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the proposed theoretical models adjust to the data with an error of approximately zero (i.e., RMSEA of 0.088 for moderate consumption and 0.074 for severe consumption), which also carefully measures the motivation for moderate and severe alcohol consumption among college students. Conclusions: The new scale is valid and reliable for assessing motivations for moderate and severe alcohol consumption in Mexican college students. This may be a valuable tool to design and evaluate interventions for the prevention of alcohol use among college students.

Research is carried out on factors that influence academic performance in a group of students of Educational Sciences, from a public university in Mexico, after confinement due to COVID-19 pandemics. In a non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used, a Likert scale is used, to analyze mainly variables related to students’ mental and emotional health and academic engagement. A sample of 34 students (85% female, 20-25 aged). All participants came from other states or towns near to the city, from medium-low economic resources; some of them had work to continue studying. Students reported that they suffered moments of anxiety, fear, loneliness, depression, claustrophobia, and constant stress. Regarding academic engagement, it was found that they were easily distracted, it was difficult for them to complete their homework on time, to learn and to study, and some of them dropped out of school to work in order to financially help his family. It is suggested that research must be carried out to test interventions aimed at preventing and overcoming emotional and mental problems that may affect students’ learning and integral development. Keywords: academic engagement, anxiety, depression, stress, undergraduate students, COVID-19 pandemics

The Covid-19 pandemic is a global disaster. Every sector is affected, including the education sector. The pandemic caused students to accept distance learning (online). Distinct from the offline method, the online system requires gadgets and the internet. Online learning causes difficulties for students, such as outdated smartphones, unstable networks, shifting learning methods, more course work compares to offline learning and spending more phone credits, which impact students' psychological conditions and put pressure on students. Pressure is an indicator of someone experiencing Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DAS). This study aims to determine the DAS level in college students during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The instrument used is in the form of a Likert scale, namely DASS-42. Based on the research results, students in the cities of Binjai and Medan are in the moderate category, which means that they experienced DAS during the online learning process. Based on the results obtained from this study, expectantly that there will be a role for tertiary institutions to suppress DAS in students by facilitating official counseling services to prevent DAS in students

La tercera misión de las instituciones de educación superior busca generar y aplicar conocimiento que coadyuve al impulso del bienestar social a nivel regional, nacional e internacional. Para lograrlo, las IES deben ayudar a la construcción de proyectos innovadores (científicos y tecnológicos) que permitan desarrollar metodologías disciplinarias y multidisciplinarias que faciliten la resolución de los problemas reales que tiene la sociedad. A más de diez años de esta misión actual, es importante contar con un sistema de indicadores que ayuden a medir su eficiencia con la finalidad de conocer la situación que guardan las universidades públicas estatales (UPE) en México en relación con dicha misión. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar el grado de avance de las dimensiones de emprendimiento, innovación y compromiso social mediante la medición de la eficiencia técnica. Como hipótesis se plantea que la eficiencia de las UPE en México con respecto a su tercera misión es mayor a 70 %. Mediante la metodología de análisis envolvente de datos (DEA, por sus siglas en inglés), se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: el promedio de eficiencia técnica con rendimiento variables a escala fue de 91.30 %. La dimensión de innovación fue la que obtuvo el mayor número de universidades con eficiencia, mientras que la dimensión de emprendimiento consiguió menos UPE eficientes. Lo anterior significa que las instituciones llevan a cabo actividades encaminadas al fomento de su tercera misión.

The irritable bowel syndrome is reported often in the general population. Studies show that stress coexists with this malady. The purpose of this study was to identify physical and psychological symptoms of chronic stress as predictors of the irritable bowel syndrome in medical students at a public university in Mexico. A random representative sample of 561 students was evaluated in 2014. The Stress Symptom Inventory and the ROMA III Criteria were used. A multiple regression analysis was performed. This study showed that the psychophysiological symptoms of chronic stress: difficulties in concentrating, an urge to constantly eat, clinched jaw, abdominal pain, weakness-dizziness, anxiety feelings and constipation, were predictors of the irritable bowel syndrome. Therefore, the recommendation is to implement educational programs aimed at the identification and timely prevention of the psychophysiological symptoms of chronic stress as a risk factor for the presence of irritable bowel syndrome in medical students.

ABSTRACTBackground: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with stress, which may appear by an educational context, given that students are exposed to demands in the academic environment during their education process that may lead to developing diseases. This study reports on the relationship between the IBS and academic stress and compares results of men and women.Methods: A random survey was made of 561 medicine students at a public university in Mexico. The ROMA III criteria were used for the IBS and the Academic Stress Inventory for academic stress. A multiple regression analysis was made.Results: The results showed that students with academic overload and lack of time are at risk for developing the IBS.Conclusions: Therefore, the recommendation is to implement educational programs aiming at self-care as well as gaining knowledge about academic stress-related factors and the physical responses that may result in repercussions with serious consequences for student life such as pain, disease and dropping out of school.

Based on the understanding that Intercultural Competence (ICC) is not necessarily achieved by studying abroad, as part of a teacher’s level initiative, this paper intends to shed light on the usefulness of the implementation of a series of cultural experiential activities to a group of pre-graduate students, undertaking a B.A. in English Language Teaching at a public university in Mexico, for the development of Intercultural Competence. Data were collected by means of three online focus groups and were analysed thematically into four dimensions: knowledge, attitudes, skills, and awareness. Findings indicate there had been, to a lesser or greater extent, enhancement in each of these intercultural subcomponents.

<p>El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la relación que existe entre los factores psicosociales del trabajo académico y el Síndrome de <em>Burnout</em> en una universidad pública de México En una muestra de 247 académicos de una universidad pública de México, se aplicó una batería en línea que estuvo conformada por una adaptación del cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales del Trabajo Académico (FPSIS), el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo para Profesionales de la Educación (CESQT-PE) y un apartado de sociodemográficos<strong> </strong>Las prevalencias altas y/o críticas de las dimensiones de <em>Burnout </em>rondaron el 30% al mismo tiempo que más del 90% mostraron altos niveles de ilusión en el trabajo. Los modelos de regresión lineal multivariada mostraron una relación estadísticamente significativa entre todos los factores psicosociales con la mayoría de las dimensiones del <em>Burnout </em>independientes al sexo, la edad o el estado civil, alcanzando varianzas explicadas entre el 16% y el 43%. Los predictores más confiables fueron “problemas sociales y organizacionales” y “problemas con alumnos”, los que también tuvieron mayor prevalencia (40.9% y 34.8% respectivamente). Parecen coexistir dimensiones negativas del burnout y la Ilusión por el trabajo en alguna medida. Los factores psicosociales encontrados se vinculan claramente a las nuevas políticas de educación superior. Se recomienda implementar acciones a nivel institucional que contribuyan a mejorar las condiciones laborales y el bienestar, así como programas preventivos para disminuir el estrés laboral y mejorar la calidad de vida de los académicos.</p>

This research aims to examine the relationship between perceived experience in research methodology (RM) courses and attitudes toward research in a sample of undergraduate psychology students from a public university in Mexico City. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 261 students. A 10-unit analog scale to assess perceived experience in RM courses and two measures of attitudes toward research were used. Between the two attitude scales, four attitude dimensions were identified: positive appraisal, negative appraisal, meaningless and boring. Four multivariate models were estimated, one for each attitude dimension. A positive correlation was found between learning experiences in RM courses and positive appraisal of research (p < 0.01). Negative associations were also found between RM course experience and two of the three negative research attitudes (p < 0.01). Results highlight the significance of teaching in the knowledge and attitude development of students’ research competencies. An approach to teaching RM at the undergraduate level that places more emphasis on encouraging evidence-based practice than on developing and carrying out research projects seems to be a promising subject for study, with implications for changing teaching methods and contents.

The level of demand during the academic training of nursing students is high and when there is the presence of risk conditions for stress together with the lack of adequate coping styles, it is very likely that they may present high levels of trait-state anxiety, which can affect the academic performance and health of these students, Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish two multiple regression models, one to analyze the relationship of Trait-State Anxiety and the other for Trait-State Anxiety and its relationship with stress risk conditions and coping styles in nursing students at a public university in Mexico. A total of 740 students were assessed, the models were determined by multiple regression analysis. This study established that nursing students at a public university in Mexico, who make negative evaluations have a higher risk of presenting A-State, and that students who present type A behavior and make positive evaluations, as well as those who consume tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs, increase the risk of A-Trait, Therefore, it is recommended to implement educational programs aimed at providing coping strategies that help to lower the levels of Trait-State Anxiety, as well as to create the choice of healthy practices through the use of protective coping styles to prevent these conditions before they have a negative impact on the health, academic performance and university dropout of nursing students in Mexico.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent dental illnesses in children. Untreated severe caries can damage teeth, requiring pulpotomy to save them. Objective: To evaluate the clinical success rate of treatments involving pulpotomies + IRM (Intermediate Restorative Material, composed of reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol polymers) + preformed metal crowns (PMCs) in primary teeth of children treated at a public university in Mexico. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional ambispective study was conducted on children aged 10 years or younger, treated at a public university in Mexico. A total of 1281 medical records from February 2018 to June 2023 were reviewed, yielding a sample of 199 children treated with pulpotomy + IRM + PMC. Information was collected via telephone interviews with parents/caregivers to inquire about any symptoms following the pulpotomy and metal crown treatments. Success was defined as the absence of pain, inflammation, or infection. Results: During the study period, the number of teeth treated with pulpotomy + IRM + PMC was 414, with follow-ups ranging from 6 to 69 months. Most participants were girls (54.3%), while 45.7% were boys. Out of the 167 pulpotomy + IRM + PMC treatments included in the study, the clinical success rate was 98.2%. Conclusions: The clinical success rate of primary teeth treated with pulpotomy + IRM + PMCs was high, close to 100%, based on evidence and symptom reports from parents/caregivers. It would be beneficial to implement its use in public health institutions in countries such as Mexico.

This research aims to examine the relationship between experience and knowledge acquired in research methodology (RM) courses and attitudes toward research in a sample of undergraduate psychology students from a public university in Mexico City. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 261 students. A 10-point analog scale to assess perceived experience in RM courses and two measures of attitudes toward research were used. Between the two attitude scales, four attitude dimensions were identified: positive appraisal, negative appraisal, meaningless, and boring. Four multivariate models were estimated, one for each attitude dimension. A positive correlation was found between learning experiences in RM courses and positive appraisal of research (p < 0.01). Negative associations were also found between RM course experience and two of the three negative research attitudes (p < 0.01). Our results highlight the significance of teaching in developing student knowledge and attitudes toward research. An approach to teaching RM at the undergraduate level that places more emphasis on encouraging evidence-based practice than on developing and carrying out research projects appears to hold promise as a focus for future research, with implications that may inform changes in teaching methods and content.