Validation of phiC31-mediated expression and functional knockout of Opn3 in the Opn3-phiC31o knock-in mouse

Central inhibitory effect of alpha-methyldopa on blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature of renal hypertensive rats.

Someone who dies will experience a decrease in body temperature from body temperature at the beginning of death, both within normal and abnormal limits to room temperature. Decrease in body temperature according to sex may differ in duration. Coupled with exposure to methanol, it is also possible to influence a decrease in body temperature of the corpse. This study aimed to analyze the differences in body temperature reduction in male and female Wistar rats induced with methanol.This research is an experimental study with a pre and post test control group design approach. The design of this study was to observe the body temperature of male and female Wistar rats while still alive and after death and the duration of decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar mice after being induced with methanol. The population studied was male and female Wistar rat. Based on the results from analysis test, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar rats that died induced by methanol, but there is a significant difference between the decrease in body temperature of male and female Wistar rats who died induced by methanol and without methanol.

Effects of microinjection of melatonin into various brain regions of Japanese quail on locomotor activity and body temperature

Data from Tabir Lintas Community Health Center, immunization coverage of DPT-HB I/ Polio II is 98%, DPT-HB II/Polio III is 93%, DPT-Hb III/Polio IV is 94%, and advanced DPT-Hb immunization is 32%. 3 out of 10 babies have a high fever. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of giving aloe vera compresses and warm water compresses to decrease the body temperature of toddlers after DPT-HB immunization. The research design used was a quasiexperimental design with a two-group design, sample in this study was accidental sampling with a sample of 40 people, which was divided into 20 toddlers given aloe vera compress and 20 toddlers given warm water compresses, data collection with observation sheets with data analysis using the ttest. Based on the results obtained, the average decrease in body temperature of toddlers after being given an aloe vera compress was 0.64°C. Meanwhile, in warm water compresses, the average decrease in toddler body temperature after being given a water compress was 0.465 °C. The results of the Paired T-Test showed that there was an effect of aloe vera compress and warm water on the decrease in body temperature of toddlers after DPT-HB immunization. The results of the independent T-Test test with a p-value of 0.004 < α (0.05) means that there was a difference between an aloe vera compress and a warm water compress. Based on the results of the study, there was an effect of aloe vera compress and warm water on decreasing temperature, there was a difference between aloe vera compress and warm water compress with a mean different value of 0.25°C, meaning that aloe vera was more effective than warm water. It is hoped that mothers who have toddlers will use aloe vera as an alternative for handling fever in toddlers after DPT-HB immunization Keywords: DPT-HB, Aloe Vera, Warm Water Reference : 36 (2012-2021)

Fever in children is a condition that often causes serious problems in children. Fever occurs at temperatures >37.5ºC usually caused by autoimmune infections and diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that the number of diseases in children with fever symptoms is 62% with a mortality rate of 33%. Giving Aloe Vera compresses is one of the non-phamacological interventions that can reduce dampness. The purpose of this study was to find out how the effectiveness of Aloe Vera Compress Intervention on Decreasing body temperature in children with fever. The research design used One group pretest-posttest. The variables in this research are Aloe Vera Compress as an independent variable and Decrease in body temperature in Fever children as the dependent variable. The population in this study were all pediatric patients aged 5-11 years who experienced fever at the Bahbiak Health Center in Pematangsiantar City, Siantar Marimbun District. Sampling using purposive sampling technique of 12 respondents. The intervention carried out compresses Aloe Vera for 15 minutes. Temperature measurement using a digital thermometer. Data were collected by observation sheets and tested by Paired Sample-Test. The results showed that there was a change in the body temperature of the Fever child. The results of Shaphiro-Wilk normality test results of body temperature before giving Aloe Vera compress is 130 and body temperature after giving Aloe Vera compress is 037. Paired Sample-Test statistical test results show data ρ = 0,000 <α = 0.05 then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. which means that there is an effectiveness in administering Aloe Vera compresses to reduce body temperature of children aged 5-11 years of fever. It is hoped that health workers can apply non-pharmacological therapies such as aloe vera compresses for a decrease in a child's body temperature.

Type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE4s), a group of isoenzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate the second messenger cAMP, are established targets for development of enzyme inhibitors with anti‐inflammatory properties. While testing the anti‐inflammatory effects of a nonselective PDE4 inhibitor in a murine model of bacterial lung infection, we noticed that PDE4 inhibition per se induced significant hypothermia in the animals in the absence of bacterial infection. Because drug‐induced hypothermia may critically impact our animal model, and the role cAMP‐phosphodiesterases play in the regulation of body temperature is poorly understood, we further explored this observation. We found that treatment with a number of structurally distinct PAN‐PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Roflumilast and RS25344 (all 1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not the PDE3‐selective inhibitor Cilostamide, induced a rapid decrease in core body temperature of C57Bl6 mice as measured with a rectal thermometer at 30 min after drug application, suggesting that hypothermia in mice is a class‐effect of PDE4 inhibitors. PDE4 inhibitor‐induced hypothermia was considerable (~4°C drop), rapid in onset (max effect is reached within 20–30 min), and long lasting (core body temperature remains below controls for up to 5 h). As little as 40 μg/kg of the archetypal PDE4 inhibitor Rolipram induced a hypothermic effect. Similar or higher doses of Rolipram were used in most published animal studies. Thus, the reported findings are likely associated with, or at least paralleled by, drug‐induced hypothermia. The initial decrease in body temperature after PDE4 inhibitor injection is so rapid that it is no different from heat dissipation after euthanasia, suggesting that PDE4 inhibition affects central body temperature regulation so that both heat‐generating (e.g. shivering/non‐shivering thermogenesis) as well as heat‐preserving (e.g. skin vasoconstriction) mechanisms are simultaneously suspended, either by lowering the cold defense set point or by impairing its enforcement. Indeed, PDE4 inhibitor treatment induced a temporary heat‐loss via tail vasodilation as assessed by thermography. Consistent with the idea of an effect on central body temperature regulation, hypothermia was induced by moderate doses (≤1 mg/kg) of various brain‐penetrant PDE4 inhibitors. Conversely, YM976, a PDE4 inhibitor that does not cross the blood‐brain barrier, had no effect. Finally, to begin delineating the mechanism of drug‐induced hypothermia, we show that a blockade of serotonergic‐ and dopaminergic‐, but not β‐adrenergic‐, histaminergic‐ or opiate receptors, can alleviate PDE4 inhibitor‐induced hypothermia. Support or Funding Information Supported by grants from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (SALEH18H0,RICHTE16GO) and the NIH (HL76125, HL141473, HL066299).

1. Rectal or core body temperature was determined in a study to examine the effects of fasting in modern meat type broilers at three stages of growth, namely d 19, 33 and 47. 2. There were two treatment groups: fed with feed available ad libitum and fasted. Rectal temperatures were determined at noon (1200 h). At that time, feed was removed from the fasted group. The body temperatures were then determined again after 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. 3. Core body temperatures decreased with fasting. The decrease was evident after as little as 6 h of fasting with a further decline evident by 12 h. 4. Accompanying the decrease in body temperature with fasting there were decreases in the venous concentrations of carbon dioxide in the blood and sodium in the plasma. 5. The decrease in both body temperature and carbon dioxide presumably reflects depressed metabolic rate. 6. Unexpectedly, the core body temperature increased progressively with age in the control fed group (d 19 = 41·04 ± 0·02°C, d 33 = 41·65 ± 0·05°C, d 47 = 42·21 ± 0·12°C). 7. In the fed control group, core body temperatures were reduced at night, when feeding activity would be anticipated to be greatly reduced.

The effects of injections of bombesin into the cerebral ventricles on food intake and body temperature in food-deprived rats

In Vivo Metabolism of Chloroform in B6C3F1 Mice Determined by the Method of Gas Uptake: The Effects of Body Temperature on Tissue Partition Coefficients and Metabolism

The role of the seven crude drug components in the sleep-promoting effect of Yokukansan

Influence of drugs on the temperature-lowering effect of harmaline

This study aims to examine the effect of several types of antipyretics on the immune response and body thermal homeostasis in experimental animals induced by fever. This study was conducted at the Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar, using Rattus norvegicus mice as test animals. The study involved five treatment groups, each given a different drug or infusion, namely diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, farmadol, teak leaf infusion (Tectona grandis), and senggani leaf infusion (Melastoma malabathricum), while NaCMC was used as a negative control. Body temperature measurements were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after treatment to evaluate the effect of antipyretics on body temperature in fever-induced mice. Each treatment group was given a dose according to the related literature, and temperature measurements were carried out using a well-calibrated thermometer. The data obtained were then analyzed using ANOVA to determine any significant differences in body temperature reduction between treatment groups. The results showed that sodium diclofenac provided the highest antipyretic effect, as seen from a significant decrease in body temperature at all measurement times. Ibuprofen also provided a significant antipyretic effect, although not as strong as sodium diclofenac. Meanwhile, teak leaf infusion and senggani leaf infusion showed a decrease in body temperature, but with lower effectiveness compared to synthetic drugs. The group given NaCMC as a negative control did not show a significant decrease in body temperature. These findings indicate that sodium diclofenac is very effective in restoring the body's thermal balance and can be a reference for further research on antipyretic agents, both synthetic and herbal. The implications of this study also emphasize the importance of developing alternative fever therapies, either through more efficient synthetic drugs or through the use of herbal plants that have the potential as natural antipyretics.

Syntaxin-1A is a t-SNARE that is involved in vesicle docking and vesicle fusion; it is important in presynaptic exocytosis in neurons because it interacts with many regulatory proteins. Previously, we found the following: 1) that autophosphorylated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an important modulator of neural plasticity, interacts with syntaxin-1A to regulate exocytosis, and 2) that a syntaxin missense mutation (R151G) attenuated this interaction. To determine more precisely the physiological importance of this interaction between CaMKII and syntaxin, we generated mice with a knock-in (KI) syntaxin-1A (R151G) mutation. Complexin is a molecular clamp involved in exocytosis, and in the KI mice, recruitment of complexin to the SNARE complex was reduced because of an abnormal CaMKII/syntaxin interaction. Nevertheless, SNARE complex formation was not inhibited, and consequently, basal neurotransmission was normal. However, the KI mice did exhibit more enhanced presynaptic plasticity than wild-type littermates; this enhanced plasticity could be associated with synaptic response than did wild-type littermates; this pronounced response included several behavioral abnormalities. Notably, the R151G phenotypes were generally similar to previously reported CaMKII mutant phenotypes. Additionally, synaptic recycling in these KI mice was delayed, and the density of synaptic vesicles was reduced. Taken together, our results indicated that this single point mutation in syntaxin-1A causes abnormal regulation of neuronal plasticity and vesicle recycling and that the affected syntaxin-1A/CaMKII interaction is essential for normal brain and synaptic functions in vivo.

Sulfolane-induced hypothermia enhances survivability in mice

Brevetoxins (BTXs) constitute a family of lipid-soluble toxic cyclic polyethers mainly produced by Karenia brevis, which is the main vector for a foodborne syndrome known as neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) in humans. To prevent health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated shellfish in France, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) recommended assessing the effects of BTXs via an acute oral toxicity study in rodents. Here, we investigated the effect of a single oral administration in both male and female mice with several doses of BTX-3 (100 to 1,500 µg kg−1 bw) during a 48 h observation period in order to provide toxicity data to be used as a starting point for establishing an acute oral reference dose (ARfD). We monitored biological parameters and observed symptomatology, revealing different effects of this toxin depending on the sex. Females were more sensitive than males to the impact of BTX-3 at the lowest doses on weight loss. For both males and females, BTX-3 induced a rapid, transient and dose-dependent decrease in body temperature, and a transient dose-dependent reduced muscle activity. Males were more sensitive to BTX-3 than females with more frequent observations of failures in the grip test, convulsive jaw movements, and tremors. BTX-3’s impacts on symptomatology were rapid, appearing during the 2 h after administration, and were transient, disappearing 24 h after administration. The highest dose of BTX-3 administered in this study, 1,500 µg kg−1 bw, was more toxic to males, leading to the euthanasia of three out of five males only 4 h after administration. BTX-3 had no effect on water intake, and affected neither the plasma chemistry parameters nor the organs’ weight. We identified potential points of departure that could be used to establish an ARfD (decrease in body weight, body temperature, and muscle activity).