Abstract
Simple SummaryEndometritis is a disease affecting reproductive performance in dairy cows. Considering the modern issues concerning the use of antibiotics in animal production, it is important to refine our criteria for diagnosing this disease. As such, confirming the presence of bacteria in the uterus before implementing an intrauterine antibiotic treatment is critical. To be able to achieve this on dairy farms, the accuracy of currently available on-farm bacteriological culture systems (Tri-plate and Petrifilm) needs to be validated. This study used data from 189 dairy cows to assess this objective. Uterine samples were collected on cows between 30 and 43 days in milk and were submitted for bacteriological culture using three different approaches: standard laboratory and two on-farm systems (Tri-plate and Petrifilm). Our results showed that the optimal criteria for using the Tri-plate and Petrifilm on-farm systems were >90 and >100 colonies, respectively, when compared with the results from the standard laboratory. These results support the possibility of using the Tri-plate on-farm bacteriological culture system to diagnose endometritis.The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of the results of on-farm bacteriological culture media (Tri-plate and Petrifilm) from endometrial samples compared with the ones from the diagnostic laboratory. A cross-sectional observational study was set up within two dairy herd clients of the Université de Montréal. A total of 189 cows in the postpartum period were systematically enrolled to collect two uterine samples from cytobrushes during the same examination. The first cytobrush was used to inoculate the Tri-plate medium directly and then was sent to the reference laboratory for aerobic bacterial culture. The second cytobrush was used to make a microscopic smear for cytological analysis (proportion of polymorphonuclear cells) and subsequently diluted in 1 mL of saline to inoculate the Petrifilm medium. From these data, statistical analyses were computed to optimize the summation of sensitivity and specificity of the two systems compared with the results of the reference laboratory. For the Tri-plate and Petrifilm media, the cutoffs of ˃90 and ˃100 colonies gave the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. In conclusion, Tri-plate media was best at reproducing the results obtained by laboratory analysis using a threshold of >90 colonies.
Highlights
Endometritis is defined as the presence of localized inflammation in superficial layers of the uterine body at ≥21 days postpartum [1,2]
Most researchers have agreed that diagnosing cytological endometritis is the most accurate way to determine the endometritis status of dairy cows, it is known that cows with purulent vaginal discharge do not always have cytological endometritis [1,7]
In the six cows that were positive for bacteria but negative for cytology, their polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) proportion were all between 3% and 5%
Summary
Endometritis is defined as the presence of localized inflammation in superficial layers of the uterine body (endometrium) at ≥21 days postpartum [1,2]. Even if this condition does not affect the general health status of cows, it can still have a significant impact on subsequent reproductive performance. Endometritis has been shown to increase the number of days open as well as to decrease the conception rate at first breeding The magnitude of these effects depends on the severity of the inflammation found in the endometrium of cows [1,3,4,5]. Most researchers have agreed that diagnosing cytological endometritis is the most accurate way to determine the endometritis status of dairy cows, it is known that cows with purulent vaginal discharge do not always have cytological endometritis [1,7]
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