Abstract
Catastrophic earthquake-induced landslides can occur on slopes composed of loosened and fractured rock masses. Although it is impossible to prevent such landslides, estimation of the susceptibility of slopes to earthquake-induced landslides is useful for risk management. An index of susceptibility to earthquake-induced landslides (ISEL) was developed by using helicopter-borne electromagnetic resistivity data. However, the ISEL has not yet been validated through the analysis of pre-earthquake data. In this study, ISEL values were estimated from resistivity and digital elevation data obtained in 2013 around Mt. Aso, Kyushu, before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Although most of the landslides around Mt. Aso during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake were mass movements of volcanic tephra layers, some of them occurred on loosened rock masses. Landslide susceptible areas at loosened rock masses are the target for ISEL value estimation. Our results validated the effectiveness of the ISEL as a predictor of earthquake-induced rock mass landslides.
Highlights
Several large-scale earthquakes occurred worldwide during the last few decades, especially in Asia, triggering several thousand landslides in mountainous areas [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
The results indicate that areas with lower “average ruggedness of resistivity” are located within the landslide area and areas with higher “average ruggedness of resistivity” are located outside of the landslide area
The aim of this study is to validate the extent to which the index for susceptibility to earthquakeinduced landslides (ISEL) can estimate the occurrence of landslides using pre-earthquake airborne resistivity data collected in 2013
Summary
Several large-scale earthquakes occurred worldwide during the last few decades, especially in Asia, triggering several thousand landslides in mountainous areas [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Catastrophic earthquake-induced landslides tend to occur on slopes composed of loosened and fractured rock masses, for example, the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake (Taiwan) [10,11], the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake (Japan) [12], the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (China) [13], and the 2010 Darfield earthquake (Canterbury) [14]. There are several approaches to estimating landslide susceptibility. Deterministic models based on infinite slope stability analyses employing simplified assumptions such as basic failure mechanisms or homogeneous mechanical properties of soil and rock have been used [15]. For regional landslide susceptibility assessments, such models might oversimplify some components of the analyses
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