Abstract
LOOKING AHEAD TO THE YEAR 2000, EDWARD BELLAMY (1850-1898) ENvisioned an American society structured around an industrial army. Essentially a self-governing, national workers' collective and part of a worldwide social transformation, the industrial army would guarantee its members a general education, employment according to their best abilities, and retirement at the age of forty-five to enjoy leisure and to partake in a culture where high and low coalesced. It would abolish money, give equal credit to everyone, create a rational system of productiondistribution sensitive to individual desires, and organize work and everyday life in a gender-conscious fashion to maximize women's political and intellectual freedom. The industrial army in Bellamy's utopia Looking Backward (1888) captured turn-of-the-century popular imagination with an intensity matched by no other radical design and attracted tens of
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