Utjecaj podrijetla proizvodnje na percepcije cjepiva protiv bolesti COVID-19: studija vinjeta iz Turske

Immunization Update 2021

Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients With Kidney Disease

Lessons Relearned? H1N1, COVID-19, and Vaccination Planning.

The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant

SummaryBackgroundKnowing whether COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness wanes is crucial for informing vaccine policy, such as the need for and timing of booster doses. We aimed to systematically review the evidence for the duration of protection of COVID-19 vaccines against various clinical outcomes, and to assess changes in the rates of breakthrough infection caused by the delta variant with increasing time since vaccination.MethodsThis study was designed as a systematic review and meta-regression. We did a systematic review of preprint and peer-reviewed published article databases from June 17, 2021, to Dec 2, 2021. Randomised controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and observational studies of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness were eligible. Studies with vaccine efficacy or effectiveness estimates at discrete time intervals of people who had received full vaccination and that met predefined screening criteria underwent full-text review. We used random-effects meta-regression to estimate the average change in vaccine efficacy or effectiveness 1–6 months after full vaccination.FindingsOf 13 744 studies screened, 310 underwent full-text review, and 18 studies were included (all studies were carried out before the omicron variant began to circulate widely). Risk of bias, established using the risk of bias 2 tool for randomised controlled trials or the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions tool was low for three studies, moderate for eight studies, and serious for seven studies. We included 78 vaccine-specific vaccine efficacy or effectiveness evaluations (Pfizer–BioNTech-Comirnaty, n=38; Moderna-mRNA-1273, n=23; Janssen-Ad26.COV2.S, n=9; and AstraZeneca-Vaxzevria, n=8). On average, vaccine efficacy or effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 1 month to 6 months after full vaccination by 21·0 percentage points (95% CI 13·9–29·8) among people of all ages and 20·7 percentage points (10·2–36·6) among older people (as defined by each study, who were at least 50 years old). For symptomatic COVID-19 disease, vaccine efficacy or effectiveness decreased by 24·9 percentage points (95% CI 13·4–41·6) in people of all ages and 32·0 percentage points (11·0–69·0) in older people. For severe COVID-19 disease, vaccine efficacy or effectiveness decreased by 10·0 percentage points (95% CI 6·1–15·4) in people of all ages and 9·5 percentage points (5·7–14·6) in older people. Most (81%) vaccine efficacy or effectiveness estimates against severe disease remained greater than 70% over time.InterpretationCOVID-19 vaccine efficacy or effectiveness against severe disease remained high, although it did decrease somewhat by 6 months after full vaccination. By contrast, vaccine efficacy or effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease decreased approximately 20–30 percentage points by 6 months. The decrease in vaccine efficacy or effectiveness is likely caused by, at least in part, waning immunity, although an effect of bias cannot be ruled out. Evaluating vaccine efficacy or effectiveness beyond 6 months will be crucial for updating COVID-19 vaccine policy.FundingCoalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations.

COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy.

The global effort to develop a vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already produced 2 candidates, each requiring 2 doses, with reported efficacies exceeding 90% The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Emergency Use Authorization for both vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) Their reported efficacies greatly exceed the 50% threshold the FDA cited in a June 2020 guidance document Additional vaccine candidates at earlier stages of development hold the promise of single dosing, simpler storage requirements, and more rapid immunity after vaccination Here, a study that aims to quantify the speed-versus-efficacy tradeoff using a previously published model of a COVID-19 vaccination program is offered

Updated International Society of Geriatric Oncology COVID-19 working group recommendations on COVID-19 vaccination among older adults with cancer

Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine - United States, December 14-23, 2020.

COVID-19 Vaccines in Older Adults: Challenges in Vaccine Development and Policy Making

The authors of this commentary discuss the “Peltzman Effect,” a phenomenon in which individuals respond to safety measures with a compensatory increase in risky behavior, and how it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic through “pandemic fatigue” and postvaccination behavior.

Pemphigus vulgaris after COVID-19 infection and vaccination

This commentary discusses the pros and cons of single-dose COVID-19 vaccination versus the 2-dose strategy.

BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines have saved millions of lives, but COVID-19 vaccine uptake has varied widely across countries, in part due to reluctance among some people to accept the new vaccines as they become available, fuelled in large part by lack of trustworthy information on the vaccines themselves. OBJECTIVE To help health workers provide evidence-based answers to common questions about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination, and thereby assist individuals in making healthy choices for themselves and their families the WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety together with the WHO Regional Office for Europe developed COVID19infovaccines.com, a platform that provides reliable and scientific information under the title: “COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination explained”. METHODS COVID-19 InfoVaccines, a project co-funded by the European Union as part of a joint WHO-EU project to support COVID-19 vaccine rollout and vaccination in 6 Eastern European countries, was launched in February 2021 as a collaborative work of a multidisciplinary team of health-related professionals from different countries representing the WHO Collaborating Centre for Vaccine Safety, the WHO Regional Office for Europe and independent contractors. To increase its reach and visibility, the platform was made available in seven languages, shared on social media networks, and advertised through Facebook in English, Georgian, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. To explore the community adoption of the platform, metadata were drawn from Google Analytics, Google Data Studio, and YouTube Studio. RESULTS 262,592 users accessed COVID-19InfoVaccines.com between February 11, 2021, and January 31st, 2023; with the greatest adoption observed between mid-June and mid-November 2021 (total N=104,041). The content was organized into themes, and the users were most interested in: general questions; vaccine efficacy and duration of protection; vaccine safety; vaccine co-administration, and dose-interval and interchangeability. The lifetime analysis of the platform showed that the number of users varied in function of the epidemiological situation. Moreover, users’ inquiries about a specific topic related to COVID-19 vaccination varied with time and geographic location. 118,510 (45.1%) and 46,644 (17.7%) users scrolled up to 35% and 75% of the COVID-19 InfoVaccines webpage, respectively. The average engagement rate was 71.61% with an average engagement time of 1 minute and 27 seconds. The users accessed the platform from 231 countries and territories, but the majority were located in Ukraine (N=38,404; 14.6%), Spain (N=23,327; 8.9%), and Argentina (N=21,167; 8.1%). Older Facebook users were more interested in COVID-19 information than younger individuals (X2 p-value<0.0001). 228 videos were shared on YouTube. The average Click-Through-Rate (CTR) on Facebook was 7.82%, and that on YouTube was 4.4%, with 60 videos having CTR greater than 5%, falling in the range of average YouTube video CTR (2% - 10%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 InfoVaccines, has been a well-used platform to increase awareness about COVID-19 vaccines. Such initiatives are important to ensure that health workers can answer questions that understandably arise with the introduction of new vaccines, and individuals can find evidence-based information when they search online. Easily accessible and reliable information is vital to counter misinformation about vaccines and vaccination, which spreads easily and can negatively impact health-related decisions and thereby individual and public health.

This study aimed to examine the coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its cognitive determinants among older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to conduct a survey among 725 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in June 2022, 2 months after the mass COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, China. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination status, internal risk perception, knowledge, and attitude toward the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. The vaccination rate was 78.3% among the surveyed individuals. Self-reported reasons for unwillingness to get vaccinated (multiple selections) were "concerns about acute exacerbation of chronic diseases after vaccination (57.3%)" and "concerns regarding vaccine side effects (41.4%)." Compared to the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group tended to have a higher score in internal risk perception (t = 2.64, P < 0.05), better knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines (t = 5.84, P < 0.05), and a more positive attitude toward the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines (t = 7.92, P < 0.05). The path analysis showed that the cognitive effect on vaccination behavior is relatively large, followed by the internal risk perception, and then the attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines. The more knowledgeable the participants were about COVID-19 vaccines, the more likely they were to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. In the multivariate logistic regression, the increased coverage of COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced age (OR = 0.53 95% CI 0.43-0.66, P < 0.001), being a resident in other places than Shanghai (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.92, P < 0.05), a shorter time of lockdown (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.83, P < 0.05), a history of other vaccines (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.45-4.60, P < 0.01), a fewer number of chronic diseases (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.38-0.62, P < 0.001), better knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.19, P < 0.01), and a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 9.22, 95% CI 4.69-18.09, P < 0.001). Acquiring accurate knowledge and developing a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines are important factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Disseminating informed information on COVID-19 vaccines and ensuring efficacious communication regarding their efficacy and safety would enhance awareness about COVID-19 vaccination among older adults and consequently boost their vaccination coverage.