Utilizing shear wave elastography for the evaluation of optical nerve involvement in Behçet's disease

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the elasticity of the optic nerve using shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with Behçet's Disease (BD) and compare findings with a healthy control group. Optic nerve measurements of 40 eyes in the BD group and 38 eyes in the control group were performed by SWE (SWE-right and SWE-left). The mean age of the individuals in the BD group was higher than controls (p = 0.022). The SWE measurement results in the right eye were significantly higher in the BD group (p = 0.005), while SWE-left values were similar in the two groups (p = 0.206). There was a moderate positive correlation between age and SWE-right (r = 0.347, p = 0.031), there was no correlation between SWE-left and age (p = 0.756). It was found that SWE-right had significant value in distinguishing between BD and healthy controls (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 78.9%; p = 0.005); whereas, SWE-left did not (p = 0.206). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age and sex, the performance of SWE-right to distinguish BD patients from controls was found to remain significant (OR: 15.045, 95% CI: 2.33-97.120, p = 0.004). Due to the fact that only SWE-right values appear to have significant discriminatory performance for BD, it is feasible to suggest that the frequency and severity of BD involvement are associated with SWE-related changes in the optic nerve. This finding indicates the need for more comprehensive studies evaluating optic nerve SWE values in this context.