Abstract
Vegetable fibers produced from agroindustrial resources in the macro, micro and nanometric scales have been used as reinforcement in cementitious materials. The cellulosic pulp, besides being used as the reinforcing element, is also the processing fiber that is responsible for the filtration system in the Hatcheck method. On the other hand, the nanofibrillated cellulose has the advantage of having good mechanical performance and high specific surface, which contributes to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix. In the hybrid reinforcement, with micro and nanofibers, the cellulose performs bonding elements with the matrix and acts as stress transfer bridges in the micro and nano-cracking network with the corresponding strengthening and toughening of the cementitious composite. Some strategies are studied to mitigate the degradation of the vegetable fibers used in cost-effective and non-conventional fiber cement, as well as to reach a sustainable fiber cement production. As a practical example, the accelerated carbonation curing at early age is a developing technology to increase the durability of composite materials: it decreases porosity, promotes a higher density in the interface generating a good fiber–matrix adhesion and a better mechanical behavior. Thus, the vegetable fibers are potentially applicable to produce high mechanical performance and sustainable cementitious materials for use in the Civil Construction.
Highlights
The construction industry is a major driver of the global economy both in industrialized and in developing regions
Hatschek was the first method of fiber cement manufacturing, and it was invented by Ludwig Hatschek in the 1890s
In addition to the macrofibers, the microfibers obtained through chemical and mechanical pulping are used as reinforcement of cementitious materials
Summary
The construction industry is a major driver of the global economy both in industrialized and in developing regions. In order to comply with the Paris agreement on climate change [6], the cement value chain has to innovate, going beyond the usual clinker substitution, by blast furnace slag or traditional pozzolans, and energy efficiency This will probably imply in adapt to local constraints, such as availability of raw, preferable waste, materials and different demands from each market. If fired during industrial processing, for average losses on ignition of 7%, 42 Mt/year of ashes could be produced in one year; approximately 15% of India's cement production [10] Another option for mitigation strategy is dematerialization. Hatschek was the first method of fiber cement manufacturing, and it was invented by Ludwig Hatschek in the 1890s This process begins from slurry mixture with cellulose pulp, reinforcing fibers, Portland cement and mineral additions in water. We will discuss the potential of bio‐based fibers to promote a resource‐efficient and low‐carbon cement based value chain
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