Abstract
Tobacco Mosaic Tobamovirus (TMV) is one of many important viruses infecting Solanaceous plants including hot pepper in Indonesia. To accomplish and improve the effectiveness of virus management, we used root-colonizing bacteria (rhizobacteria) isolated from healthy hot pepper. Eight rhizobacteria isolates were selected and their capacity in enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance (ISR) against TMV in greenhouse trials were evaluated. The rhizobacteria was applied as seed treatment and soil drench. Bacterized-seedling showed a better growth vigor, fitness and a milder symptom than non-bacterized control plants. The protective effect of rhizobacteria was more pronounced after challenging inoculation by TMV, especially for plants treated by isolates I-6, I-16, and I-35. However, TMV accumulation was slightly affected by bacterial treatment. The rhizobacteria might improved ISR by increasing peroxidase enzyme activity but this depends on the species. Based on whole results, isolate I-35 was the potential plant growth promotion rhizobacteria (PGPR). The I-35 was identified as Bacillus cereus based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequences of 16S r-RNA.
Highlights
Hot-pepper is one of the important crops in Indonesia and several countries in Asia such as Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and Singapore
At 8 wpi, plants treated with isolates I-16, I-25, and I-35 showed significantly different (p = 0.0016) in height and vigor than those of non-bacterized control plants, while plant treated with I-1, I-8, and II-10 did not showed any difference with non-bacterized control plants respectively (Figure 1)
The results showed that some bacterial treatments able to induce plant growth
Summary
Hot-pepper is one of the important crops in Indonesia and several countries in Asia such as Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and Singapore. The main viral diseases infecting hot-pepper are Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus (ChiVMV), Pepper Veinal Mottle Virus (PVMV), Pepper Mottle Virus (PeMV), Pepper Severe Mosaic Virus (PeSMV), and Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) (Dolores 1996). In Indonesia, ChiVMV, CMV, TMV, and recently Geminivirus are important viruses infecting hot-pepper (Sulyo et al 1995; Duriat 1996; Sulandari 2004). Duriat (1996) reported that TMV infected hot pepper, and infected tomato, tobacco, and egg plant in Indonesia. TMV is a plant virus spread worldwide and infects many horticulture crops. TMV caused heavy yield losses on tobacco, tomato, and pepper worldwide (Sutic et al 1999; CABI 2005)
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