Abstract
To elucidate the effect of lignin structure on the properties of lignin−starch composites, an industrial pine kraft lignin sample was fractionated by sequential extraction with organic solvents. Three fractions were obtained with different carbohydrate contents, infrared spectra, and molecular size distributions. In addition, an in-depth structural investigation was performed by GC−MS analyses of the low-molecular weight phenolics occurring in the native fractions or obtained by thioacidolysis. The properties of the lignin−starch composites made from pine kraft lignin or its fractions were evaluated, as compared to reference starch films. Although present in small quantities, the low-molecular weight fraction isolated from pine kraft lignin was observed to have a key role in the mechanical properties of the films, mainly as a starch plasticizer. Keywords: Lignin; starch; lignin utilization; lignin−starch composites
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