Abstract
BackgroundThe use of agricultural waste as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of hazardous methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. In this research, the potentiality of using black nano olive stones (black NOS) and green nano olive stones (green NOS) for MB adsorption was conducted.MethodsVarious remediation parameters such as initial MB concentration, pH, and temperature were investigated. Thermodynamic study was carried out to determine the homogeneity of the adsorbent and spontaneity of the adsorption process. Different physical and chemical characterizations were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, pore radius and pore volume.ResultsIt was found that NOS exhibits an acidic nature, however the highest MB removal efficiency was recorded at pH 10; reaching up to 71%. The negative value of the heat of the adsorption process (∆H ° ) indicated the reaction followed an exothermic pathway while the negative value of Gibbs adsorption (∆G ° ) further suggested its spontaneous nature. The results indicated that the Freundlich model described well the adsorption process with 99.5% correlation coefficient for green NOS. FTIR was used to analyze functional groups on the adsorbents’ surfaces that could play vital roles in the remediation process. SEM analysis revealed that the adsorbents comprised of abundant spherical deep cavities and porous nature.ConclusionThe result obtained successfully demonstrated the potential of using black and green NOS as suitable adsorbents for the removal of MB from water.
Highlights
The rapid growth in global population and industrialization have put stress on the natural resources and put tremendous challenges to the ecosystem [1,2,3]
The nonuniform surface and different sizes of both green and black NOS after adsorption process were shown in Fig. 1b, d, where the surface of the adsorbent is fully covered with methylene blue (MB) dye
The present study was conducted to test the efficiency of the NOS as a low-cost and economic adsorbent for the adsorption and removal of MB dye from water
Summary
The rapid growth in global population and industrialization have put stress on the natural resources and put tremendous challenges to the ecosystem [1,2,3]. Since textile industry utilizes great amount of water, global water resources are facing a great stress. Controlling water pollution is necessary [1]. One of the growing concerns from textile industry includes high water consumption and discharge of polluted water to the environment. The main causes of pollution include bleaching, dying, and the use of different chemicals on the fabric in which around 10–15% of the used dyes passes into the effluents [2]. To process a ton of Textile dyes affect the environment in many ways such as preventing the sunlight penetration, which might cause. The potentiality of using black nano olive stones (black NOS) and green nano olive stones (green NOS) for MB adsorption was conducted
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