Abstract
Abstract Over the past several years ORC processes have become very promising for power production from low grade heat sources: solar, biomass, geothermal and waste heat. The key challenge in the design process is the selection of an appropriate working fluid. A large number of authors used pure components as working fluid, and assess ORC performance. ORC systems that use single working fluid component have two major shortcomings. First, the majority of applications involve temperatures of the heat sink and source fluid varying during the heat transfer process, whereas the temperatures of the working fluid during evaporation and condensing remains constant. As a consequence a pinch point is encountered in the evaporator and condenser, giving rise to large temperature differences at one end of the heat exchanger. This leads to irreversibility that in turn reduces process efficiency. A similar situation is also encountered in the condenser. A second shortcoming of the Rankine cycle is lack of flexibility. T...
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