Utilização de cateter central de inserção periférica e ocorrência da infecção da corrente sanguínea em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of hospital primary bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: A retrospective study involving analyses of records of patients admitted to the NICU from January to December 2010 was conducted. The incidence density of catheter-associated bloodstream infections per 1000 catheter-days was calculated. Results: Among 192 newborns, 16 (8.3%) who used peripherally inserted central catheters had bloodstream infections. The infection density confirmed by blood culture reached 5.9, while the density based on clinical criteria accounted for 3.5 per 1000 patients with central vascular catheter-days, with the following distribution by weight range: 10.31 (750-999 g), 2.76 (1000-1499 g), 5.65 (1500-2499 g), and 6.79 (>2500 g) per 1000 patients with vascular catheter-days. The average time between catheter insertion and the development of infection was 11 days. The most common insertion site was the jugular vein (37.5%). Mortality rates associated with nosocomial bloodstream infections reached 31%. Conclusions: The use of peripherally inserted central catheter is a practice not without risk considering that this is an invasive device and can predispose the occurrence of nosocomial infection.