Uticaj društvenih mreža na odnos adolescenata prema kupovini u Republici Srbiji

Malaysian companies have been using social media as a major platform for marketing their products or services. This trend is shared and preferred by various companies to interact with their customers in order to boost their sales. The primary objective of the study is to determine if the components of social media marketing, namely, social media activity, social media interactivity, and social media content, impact on customer satisfaction, in particular online fashion stores. A quantitative approach is adopted where data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire. The respondents were consumers who use social media in their daily routine and those who have purchased any fashion product by using online platforms. A total of 393 useable questionnaires were collected using the online survey method. The collected data went through a process of analysis, where descriptive as well as inferential analyses were performed. Data analyses include reliability tests, validity tests, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and hypotheses testing using structural equation modeling. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of social media marketing on consumer satisfaction. The study reveals that all three (3) factors related to social media marketing, namely: social media activity, social media interactivity, and social media content, has been tested empirically and found that they all contribute significantly towards customer satisfaction. However, social media content emerged with a stronger positive impact than the other two factors. The result of this study should contribute to the body of knowledge and will be of significance to those companies who are interested/or using social media platforms for their marketing purposes.

This study entitled Social Media Engagement: Its relation to the Psychosocial Attributes of Selected Junior High School Students was conducted to specifically answer the following questions: What is the status of Social Media Engagement as to; Social Media Platform; Social Media Content; and Screentime? What is the level of psychosocial attributes in terms of Interpersonal Relationship; Life Satisfaction; Online Socialization; and Social Interaction? Is there a significant relationship between social media engagement and psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students of Masico National High School? Based on the data gathered, the findings of the study were as follows: (1) the status of social media engagement as to social media platform, social media content and screentime were generally high, this means that students are using different social media platforms that are educational and value their privacy, also, they are very cautious on what they will post or follow online and they set limit on using different mobile devices; (2) the level of psychosocial attributes in terms of interpersonal relationship was high while in terms of life satisfaction, online socialization and social interaction were very high, this means that students build strong relationship within their peers with the use of social media. They collaborate and work together. Also, students use social media to be motivated and have a positive outlook in life. They communicate but with limitations and valuing one?s privacy; and (3) the result revealed that social media engagement has a significant relationship to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students, this means that by using different social media platform, students develop a strong interpersonal relationship through continuous communication. Students choose contents that will motivate and help them grow as a person. Social media exposure greatly influences different aspects of students? lives. Based on the findings, social media engagement as to social media platform, social media content and screentime have a significant relationship to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students in terms of interpersonal relationship, life satisfaction, online socialization and social interaction. Therefore, the null hypothesis stating that ?Social media engagement has no significant relation to the psychosocial attributes of selected junior high school students? was rejected. In view of the findings and conclusion of the study, the researcher recommends that teachers of Masico National High School may integrate the use of different social media platforms that promotes learning. There are a lot of social media platforms that are intended for learning and fun for the students to explore.

Gendering the commodity audience in social media

BackgroundApproximately 80,000 primary brain tumors are diagnosed annually. Social media provides a source of information and support for patients diagnosed with brain tumors; however, use of this forum for dissemination of information about brain tumors has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate social media utilization and content related to brain tumors with an emphasis on patients’ trends in usage.MethodsSocial media platforms were systematically evaluated using two search methods: systematic manual inquiry and a keyword-based social media tracker. The search terms included brain tumor, glioblastoma, glioma, and glioblastoma multiforme. Social media content (which includes Facebook pages and groups, YouTube videos, and Twitter or Instagram accounts) and posts were assessed for activity (as quantified by views of posts) and analyzed using a categorization framework.ResultsThe manual and keyword searches identified 946 sources of social media content, with a total count of 7,184,846 points of engagement. Social media platforms had significant variations in content type. YouTube was the largest social media platform for sharing content related to brain tumors overall, with an emphasis on surgical videos and documented patient experiences. Facebook accounted for the majority of patient-to-patient support, and Twitter was the most common platform for scientific dissemination. Overall social media content was mostly focused on treatment overviews and patient experience. When evaluated by search term, most social media posts by the “brain tumor” community shared illness narratives, and searches specific to “glioma” and “glioblastoma” demonstrated a higher proportion of educational and treatment posts.ConclusionsThis study presents novel observations of the characteristics of social media utilization for the online brain tumor community. A robust patient community exists online, with an emphasis on sharing personal narratives, treatment information, patient-to-patient support, treatment options, and fundraising events. This study provides a window to the role of social media utilization by patients, their families, and health professionals. These findings demonstrate the different roles of Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter in the rapidly changing era of social media and its relationship with neurosurgery and neuro-oncology.

OPINION article Front. Big Data, 01 June 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2021.623794

Navigating Social Media in #Ophthalmology

The depiction of alcohol is the focus of a growing number of content analyses in the field of social media research. Typically, the occurrence and nature of alcohol representations are coded to measure the prevalence, normalization, or even glorification of alcohol and its consumption on different social media platforms (Moreno et al., 2016; Westgate & Holliday, 2016) and smartphone apps (Ghassemlou et al., 2020). But social media platforms and smartphone apps also play a role in the prevention of alcohol abuse when they disseminate messages about alcohol risks and foster harm reduction, abstinence, and sobriety (Davey, 2021; Döring & Holz, 2021; Tamersoy et al., 2015; Westgate & Holliday, 2016). Field of application/theoretical foundation: Social Cognitive Theory (SCT; Bandura 1986, 2009) as the dominant media effects theory in communication science, is applicable and widely applied to social media representations of alcohol: According to SCT, positive media portayals of alcohol and attractive role models consuming alcohol can influence the audience’s relation to alcohol. That’s why positive alcohol portayals in the media are considered a public health threat as they can foster increased and risky alcohol consumption among media users in general and young people in particular. The negative health impact predicted by SCT depends on different aspects of alcohol portrayals on social media that have been traditionally coded in manual content analyses (Beullens & Schepers, 2013; Mayrhofer & Naderer, 2019; Moreno et al., 2010) and most recently by studies relying on computational methods for content analysis (e.g. Ricard & Hassanpour, 2021). Core aspects of alcohol representations on social media are: a) the type of communicator / creator of alcohol-related social media content, b) the overall valence of the alcohol portrayal, c) the people consuming alcohol, d) the alcohol consumption behaviors, e) the social contexts of alcohol consumption, f) the types and brands of consumed alcohol, g) the consequences of alcohol consumption, and h) alcohol-related consumer protection messages in alcohol marketing (Moreno et al., 2016; Westgate & Holliday, 2016). For example, a normalizing portrayal shows alcohol consumption as a regular and normal behavior of diverse people in different contexts, while a glorifying portrayal shows alcohol consumption as a behavior that is strongly related to positive effects such as having fun, enjoying social community, feeling sexy, happy, and carefree (Griffiths & Casswell, 2011). While criticism of glorifying alcohol portrayals in entertainment media (e.g., music videos; Cranwell et al., 2015), television (e.g., Barker et al., 2021), and advertising (e.g., Curtis et al., 2018; Stautz et al., 2016) has a long tradition, the concern about alcohol representations on social media is relatively new and entails the phenomenon of alcohol brands and social media influencers marketing alcohol (Critchlow & Moodie, 2022; Turnwald et al., 2022) as well as ordinary social media users providing alcohol-related self-presentations (e.g., showing themselves partying and drinking; Boyle et al., 2016). Such alcohol-related self-presentations might elicit even stronger identification and imitation effects among social media audiences compared to regular advertising (Griffiths & Casswell, 2011). Because of its psychological and health impact, alcohol-related social media content – and alcohol marketing in particular – is also an issue of legal regulation. The World Health Organization states that “Europe is the heaviest-drinking region in the world” and strongly advocates for bans or at least stricter regulations of alcohol marketing both offline and online (WHO, 2020, p. 1). At the same time, the WHO points to the problem of clearly differentiating between alcohol marketing and other types of alcohol representations on social media. Apart from normalizing and glorifying alcohol portayals, there are also anti-alcohol posts and comments on social media. They usually point to the health risks of alcohol consumption and the dangers of alcohol addiction and, hence, try to foster harm reduction, abstincence and sobriety. While such negative alcohol portayals populate different social media platforms, an in-depth investigation of the spread, scope and content of anti-alcohol messages on social media is largely missing (Davey, 2021; Döring & Holz, 2021; Tamersoy et al., 2015). References/combination with other methods of data collection: Manual and computational content analyses of alcohol representations on social media platforms can be complemented by qualitative interview and quantitative survey data addressing alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors collected from social media users who a) create and publish alcohol-related social media content and/or b) are exposed to or actively search for and follow alcohol-related social media content (e.g., Ricard & Hassanpour, 2021; Strowger & Braitman, 2022). Furthermore, experimental studies are helpful to directly measure how different alcohol-related social media posts and comments are perceived and evaluated by recipients and if and how they can affect their alcohol-related thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Noel, 2021). Such social media experiments can build on respective mass media experiments (e.g., Mayrhofer & Naderer, 2019). Insights from content analyses help to select or create appropriate stimuli for such experiments. Last but not least, to evaluate the effectiveness of alcohol marketing regulations, social media content analyses conducted within a longitudinal or trend study design (including measurements before and after new regulations came into effect) should be preferred over cross-sectional studies (e.g., Chapoton et al., 2020). Example Studies for Manual Content Analyses: Coding Material Measure Operationalization (excerpt) Reliability Source a) Creators of alcohol-related social media content Extensive explorations on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok Creators of alcohol-related social media content on Facebook, Instagram and TikTok Polytomous variable “Type of content creator” (1: alcohol industry; 2: media organization/media professional; 3: health organization/health professional; 4: social media influencer; 5: ordinary social media user; 6: other) Not available Döring & Tröger (2018) Döring & Holz (2021) b) Valence of alcohol-related social media content N = 3 015 Facebook comments N = 100 TikTok videos Valence of alcohol-related social media content (posts or comments) Binary variable “Valence of alcohol-related social media content” (1: positive/pro-alcohol sentiment; 2: negative/anti-alcohol sentiment) Cohen’s Kappa average of .72 for all alcohol-related variables in codebook* Döring & Holz (2021) *Russell et al. (2021) c) People consuming alcohol N = 160 Facebook profiles (profile pictures, personal photos, and text) Portrayal of people consuming alcohol on Facebook profiles Binary variable “Number of persons on picture” (1: alone; 2: with others) Cohen’s Kappa > .90 Beullens & Schepers (2013) d) Alcohol consumption behaviors N = 160 Facebook profiles (profile pictures, personal photos, and text) Type of depicted alcohol use/consumption Polytomous variable “Type of depicted alcohol use/consumption” (1: explicit use such as depiction of person drinking alcohol; 2: implicit use such as depiction of alcohol bottle on table; 3: alcohol logo only) Cohen’s Kappa = .89 Beullens & Schepers (2013) N = 100 TikTok videos Multiple alcoholic drinks consumed per person Binary variable “Multiple alcoholic drinks consumed per person” as opposed to having only one drink or no drink per person (1: present; 2: not present) Cohen’s Kappa average of .72 for all alcohol-related variables in codebook Russell et al. (2021) N = 100 TikTok videos Alcohol intoxication Binary variable “Alcohol intoxication” (1: present; 2: not present) Cohen’s Kappa average of .72 for all alcohol-related variables in codebook Russell et al. (2021) N = 4 800 alcohol-related Tweets Alcohol mentioned in combination with other substance use Binary variable “Alcohol mentioned in combination with tobacco, marijuana, or other drugs” (1: yes; 2: no) Cohen’s Kappa median of .73 for all pro-drinking variables in codebook Cavazos-Rehg et al. (2015) e) Social contexts of alcohol consumption N = 192 Facebook and Instagram profiles (profile pictures, personal photos, and text) Portrayal of social evaluative contexts of alcohol consumption on Facebook and Instagram profiles Polytomous variable “Social evaluative context” (1: negative context such as someone looking disapprovingly at a drunk person; 2: neutral context such as no explicit judgment or emotion is shown; 3: positive context such as people laughing and toasting with alcoholic drinks) Cohen’s Kappa ranging from .68 to .91 for all variables in codebook Hendriks et al. (2018), based on previous work by Beullens & Schepers (2013) N = 51 episodes with a total of N = 1 895 scenes of the American adolescent drama series “The OC” Portrayal of situational contexts of alcohol consumption in scenes of a TV series Polytomous variable “Setting of alcohol consumption” (1: at home; 2: at adult / youth party; 3: in a bar; 4: at work; 5: at other public place) Polytomous variable “Reason of alcohol consumption” (1: celebrating/partying; 2: habit; 3: stress relief; 4: social facilitation) Cohen’s Kappa for setting of alcohol consumption .90 Cohen’s Kappa for reason of alcohol consumption .71 Van den Bulck et al. (2008) f) Types and brands of consumed alcohol N = 17 800 posts of Instagram influencers and related comments Portrayal of different alcohol types and alcohol brands in Instagram posts Polytom

In social media, media contents are in constant flux. For journalists and media organizations social media is a key channel for the distribution of their content. Social media is indispensable when media organizations make efforts to extend their reach among the audience. An important manner in how media organizations distribute content in social media is the direct mode, such as when they publish content on their own pages or feeds in Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. However, only a share of media content on social media is accessed via the direct flows from publishers, as for a large part the media content in users' personal social media feeds consists of material shared by friends and other contacts. In addition to these human nodes of content distribution, algorithms utilized by social media platforms also influence to a great extent the media content that is visible to the social media users.

Social media have become the source of choice for many users to search for health information on COVID-19 despite possible detrimental consequences. Several studies have analyzed the association between health information-searching behavior and mental health. Some of these studies examined users' intentions in searching health information on social media and the impact of social media use on mental health in Indonesia. This study investigates both active and passive participation in social media, shedding light on cofounding effects from these different forms of engagement. In addition, this study analyses the role of trust in social media platforms and its effect on public health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of social media usage on COVID-19 protective behavior in Indonesia. The most commonly used social media platforms are Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter. We used primary data from an online survey. We processed 414 answers to a structured questionnaire to evaluate the relationship between these users' active and passive participation in social media, trust in social media, anxiety, self-efficacy, and protective behavior to COVID-19. We modeled the data using partial least square structural equation modeling. This study reveals that social media trust is a crucial antecedent, where trust in social media is positively associated with active contribution and passive consumption of COVID-19 content in social media, users' anxiety, self-efficacy, and protective behavior. This study found that active contribution of content related to COVID-19 on social media is positively correlated with anxiety, while passive participation increases self-efficacy and, in turn, protective behavior. This study also found that active participation is associated with negative health outcomes, while passive participation has the opposite effects. The results of this study can potentially be used for other infectious diseases, for example, dengue fever and diseases that can be transmitted through the air and have handling protocols similar to that of COVID-19. Public health campaigns can use social media for health promotion. Public health campaigns should post positive messages and distil the received information parsimoniously to avoid unnecessary and possibly counterproductive increased anxiety of the users.

Social media plays a crucial role in shaping health behaviors by influencing users' perceptions and engagement with health-related content. Understanding these dynamics is important as new social media technologies and changing health behaviors shape how people engage with health messages. The current study explored the relationship between the characteristics of content creators, the messaging strategies employed in social media, and users' engagement with social media content, and whether these features are linked to users' behavioral intentions. This study adopts a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 1,141 participants were recruited. We have developed a structural equation model to investigate the relationships between the characteristics of content creators, the messaging strategies employed in social media, users' perceived HBM constructs, user engagement, and users' behavioral intentions. Results revealed that social media posts focusing on self-efficacy were linked to increased willingness to engage in healthy behaviors. Additionally, individuals who demonstrate stronger perceptions of HBM constructs-such as higher perceived susceptibility and benefits of vaccination-are more likely to engage with posts, which was associated with higher vaccination intention. Posts authored by celebrities garnered a relatively higher number of favorites, while a greater proportion of politicians as content creators was linked to increased user comment intention. Our study underscores the potential of integrating the Health Belief Model into social media to help promote health behaviors like the COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, our findings offer valuable insights for professionals and policymakers, guiding them in crafting effective message strategies and selecting appropriate sources to promote health behaviors on social media platforms.

This paper will analyse women representation in social media discourse by applying Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis and will investigate how women are represented linguistically and visually on social media platforms like Instagram, Sanpchat, X and Utube. The data has been gathered from verified and unverified social media accounts with the help of convenient random sampling. The material is in the form of photos, written texts, and videos for a thorough examination. The chosen accounts include X handles like Richard Cooper, the Instagram accounts parity_colorism and thesolidaritysisters. The select Snapchat handles include DRESS CODE, Girls Only. Care has been taken that these posts represent both male and female worlds and the researcher will make the case that the social media content is fundamentally ideological, and that regular events, actions, and issues posted on social media articulate dominant (and occasionally alternative) ideological discourses about the prejudiced nature of our society. It shall be argued that gender politics is present in all types of social media comments and platforms, not so much in terms of formal politics but a more banal and everyday kind. The marketing of these accounts is the hidden motivation behind posting such posts and they do not support the idea that these technologies are democratic or impartial by nature. This paper will also investigate the social contexts within which symbolic forms are employed and deployed to determine whether such forms establish or sustain relations of domination and whether ideological analysis of all elements of the social media content come together to tell the same story that is, patriarchal capitalism. Considering the insights that social media discourse is structured by male dominance; that every discourse is historically produced and interpreted and that dominance structures are legitimated by ideologies of powerful groups(male), this paper will specifically consider gender and social media discourses in the broadest sense, to testify overt relations of gender bias and social inequality. It will also dissect sexism and female objectification by using the Dialectical Relational Approach and suggest ways to reduce gender bias through social media.

The social impact of research has usually been analysed through the scientific outcomes produced under the auspices of the research. The growth of scholarly content in social media and the use of altmetrics by researchers to track their work facilitate the advancement in evaluating the impact of research. However, there is a gap in the identification of evidence of the social impact in terms of what citizens are sharing on their social media platforms. This article applies a social impact in social media methodology (SISM) to identify quantitative and qualitative evidence of the potential or real social impact of research shared on social media, specifically on Twitter and Facebook. We define the social impact coverage ratio (SICOR) to identify the percentage of tweets and Facebook posts providing information about potential or actual social impact in relation to the total amount of social media data found related to specific research projects. We selected 10 projects in different fields of knowledge to calculate the SICOR, and the results indicate that 0.43% of the tweets and Facebook posts collected provide linkages with information about social impact. However, our analysis indicates that some projects have a high percentage (4.98%) and others have no evidence of social impact shared in social media. Examples of quantitative and qualitative evidence of social impact are provided to illustrate these results. A general finding is that novel evidences of social impact of research can be found in social media, becoming relevant platforms for scientists to spread quantitative and qualitative evidence of social impact in social media to capture the interest of citizens. Thus, social media users are showed to be intermediaries making visible and assessing evidence of social impact.

AimsThe primary aims of our study is to gather ideas from young people about developing an intervention for children who first started using social media. Our study also aims to investigate whether different types of social media use are associated with impact of social media on emotions and self-esteem.MethodsAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed to young people (16–25 years old), who were UK residents, through word of mouth, social media and university newsletters. We assessed participants’ baseline characteristics, including types of social media use (active, active-passive and passive), impact of social media. We also explored young people's idea on developing a social media intervention, including how it should be delivered, topics that needs to be covered. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinal regression analysis.Results90 young people completed the questionnaire. 37.8% of the participants started using social media before 13 years old. Analysis has shown that interacting with other users and creating social media content is associated with higher self-rated negative impact on self-esteem from social media, but there is no association between impact on self-esteem and reacting to other's social media content or browsing other's social media content. Types of social media use were not associated with a self-rated impact of social media on emotions. Regarding the co-development of an intervention for social media, young people believe the best ways to distribute information about social media is through an interactive session by professionals (36.7%) or teaching it in class (28.9%) while the least popular ways are poster/booklet (1.11%) and mobile phone app (1.11%). The majority of young people felt the following topics on social media to be useful to cover during interventions, including risks on social media (85.6%), emotional safety on social media (81.1%), social media hygiene (70.0%), coping strategies and finding help on social media (66.7%), communication on social media (58.9%).ConclusionAlthough types of social media use are not associated with impact on emotions from social media, those who create social media content are at higher risk of having more impact on self-esteem. Interventions should be developed to help protect or improve self-esteem while using social media. This could be done by focusing on different topics. Future interventions for young social media users should be interactive and led by experts. They should also start before children reaches the common legal age of social media use to make them more resilient to the digital world.

SummaryObjective: To explore how artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies, particularly through the analysis of social media content, can enhance “precision in prevention and health surveillance” (2024 Yearbook topic). The focus is on leveraging advanced data analytics to improve the timeliness and accuracy of identifying emerging health concerns, thus enabling more proactive and effective health interventions.Methods: A comprehensive literature search strategy was conducted on PubMed, focusing on papers published in 2023 related to consumer health informatics, precision prevention, and the intersection with social media. The search aimed to identify studies that utilized AI and machine learning techniques to analyse social media data for health surveillance purposes. Bibliometric analyses were applied to the retrieved articles, and tools such as “Bibliometrix” were used to assess keyword frequencies, co-occurrence networks, and thematic maps. The studies were then independently reviewed and screened for relevance, with a final selection of 10 articles made based on their alignment with the 2024 Yearbook topic and their methodological innovation.Results: The analysis of 89 articles revealed several key themes and findings. Social media data offers a rich source of real-time insights into public health trends, and encompasses diverse demographic groups. AI methodologies, including machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and deep learning, play a crucial role in extracting and analysing health-related information from social media content. The integration of AI in health surveillance can provide early warnings of potential health crises, as demonstrated by studies on topics such as suicide prevention, mental health, and the impact of social media use on e-cigarette consumption among youth. Ethical and privacy considerations are paramount, necessitating robust data anonymization and transparent data handling practices. Advanced AI techniques, such as transformer-based topic modelling and federated learning, enhance the precision and security of health surveillance systems. The document highlights several case studies that demonstrate the practical applications of AI in health surveillance, such as monitoring public discussions about delta-8 THC and assessing suicide-related tweets and their association with help-seeking behaviour in the US.Conclusion: Integrating AI and social media content analysis in precision prevention and health surveillance has significant potential to improve public health outcomes. By leveraging real-time, comprehensive data from social media platforms, AI can enhance the timeliness and accuracy of identifying health concerns. Addressing ethical and privacy challenges is crucial to ensure responsible and effective implementation. The continuous advancement of AI technologies will play a critical role in safeguarding public health and responding to emerging health threats.

Patient Perceptions of Social Media Use by Orthopaedic Surgeons: Comparing Responses Across the United States