Using the Person–Environment–Occupational Performance conceptual model as an analyzing framework for health literacy

Abstract

To successfully manage their health care, individuals must be able to understand relevant written and verbal communication, navigate the complex health system, and have the skills and abilities to perform health care tasks. Conceptual models have been proposed and utilized to research and develop effective strategies to address barriers to health literacy and improve health outcomes. However, these models, in most cases, do not consider the full spectrum of individual factors, the complexity of environmental demands, and the specific components of the tasks necessary in order for individuals to successfully maintain health in the broadest sense. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to propose the utilization of an occupational therapy model, the Person–Environment–Occupational Performance (PEOP) model, which considers the interaction of intrinsic person skills, facilitators, and barriers provided by the environment, and the occupations (skills and tasks to manage health) and ability of the person necessary for optimal performance and participation in health. The PEOP is proposed to guide the research and development of interventions to improve health literacy, thereby improving health outcomes and reducing health disparities.