Using the Capability Approach to Explain Individual Value Differences of Young Men in Switzerland

Abstract

The development of values is an important task in emerging adulthood. Values are perceived as the result of a socializing process, yet little is known about the mechanisms which are key in the development of different values. The aim of this study is to contribute to values research by investigating whether the development of values depends on their chances to be realized in daily life. This question has not yet been adequately addressed in value research. Using the Capability Approach developed by Amartya Sen, this study tries to explain individual values by individual’s capabilities. Capabilities are seen as an important explaining variable by which the effect of different resources and conversion factors (education, recognition, self-efficacy, personality traits) on one’s values is mediated. Based on a questionnaire given to 26,444 Swiss men (age range 18–21 years), linear regression models were applied in order to test this mediating effect. The results show that higher capabilities have a statistically significant positive effect on the relevance of values in general and that capabilities partially mediate the effects of resources and conversion factors. Based on these results we conclude that the development of values is partially dependent on an individual’s perceptions of their realizability. Individuals tend to adapt their values to existing opportunities. This conclusion supports micro-theoretical approaches in values research as developed by Rokeach which explain value development as a product of an individual’s need to maintain a positive and consistent self-concept.