Abstract

Nowadays, our mobile devices have become smart computing platforms, incorporating a wide number of embedded sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers, GPS receivers, and magnetometers. Smartphones are valuable devices for gathering user-related data and transforming it into value-added information for the user. In this study, a novel mechanism to process sensor data from mobile devices in order to detect the type of area the user is crossing while walking in an urban setting is presented. The method is based on combining outlier data analysis and classification techniques from data collected by several pedestrians while traversing an urban environment. A theoretical framework, composed of methods for detecting multivariate outliers combined with supervised classification techniques, has been proposed in order to identify different situations and physical barriers while walking. Each type of element to be detected is characterized by using a feature vector computed based on the outliers detected. Finally, a radial SVM is used for the classification task. The classifier is trained in a supervised way with data from 20 different segments containing several physical barriers and used later to assign a class to new un-labelled data. The results obtained with this approach are very promising with an average accuracy around 95% when detecting different types of physical barriers.

Highlights

  • An outlier is an observation that deviates so much from other observations as to arouse suspicions that it was generated by a different mechanism [1]

  • Outliers capture some novelty features and patterns in the data and represent valuable information that would be unnoticed if training a machine learning algorithm based on the entire dataset

  • The aim of this paper is to present an empirical study about a new procedure for using the information from multivariate outliers in mobile sensor data in order to detect different elements and physical barriers in an urban setting

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Summary

Introduction

An outlier is an observation that deviates so much from other observations as to arouse suspicions that it was generated by a different mechanism [1]. In some cases, they are the result of poorly calibrated data gathering sensors, incorrect data entry, or processing or coding errors. Outliers capture some novelty features and patterns in the data and represent valuable information that would be unnoticed if training a machine learning algorithm based on the entire dataset. A multivariate outlier can capture some novelty features in the data and be able to isolate elements of particular interest inside the data

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