Using multi-methods in archaeology: Circulatory infrastructure, cybernetics and 19th-century communication technologies in Australia

Security is of ultimate importance to the global communication and information networks. Both academia and industry have seen the importance of the R&D activities in security and communication networks, and a great deal of resources has been invested by both governments and private sectors around the world to enhance the security of global information and communication networks, which virtually cover all regions of the world. Therefore, the timely launch of Security and Communications Networks is of great interest to the world community. In this inaugural issue, worldwide experts contribute their papers, covering various important research areas in security. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This paper deals with the legal issues related to combating cybercrime in the global information and communication networks through comparative analysis of relevant legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Western European countries. The purpose of this research is to identify the specific features of present cybercrime, to develop a conceptual framework, to specify new forms of cybercrime and to find the main directions in combating cybercrime. The research methodology was based on dialectical, comparative legal, sociological, system-structural and statistical methods, as well as on social experiment. The study gave the possibility to disclose specific features of cybercrime, provided a universal definition of cybercrime, which can be used in international conventions as well as in international criminal investigation. The study highlighted two new types of cybercrime - cyber-terrorism and identity theft with the view of committing crimes, which could be included in the Convention on Cybercrime. The authors of this study developed a universal conceptual framework that can be used in international legal instruments and international cooperation in combating cybercrime and formed a unified approach to address some legal issues related to cybercrime in the global information and communication networks.

A small oil field has been unknown in the past 30 years, why in the last 10 years it created an amazing miracle in China and even in the global oil industry? To answer this question scientifically, you have to have a scientific theory. In terms of depth and breadth of this problem, undoubtedly the most scientific theory is systems engineering theory; and from the perspective of oilfield production growth referred to on this issue, the most appropriate theory is man-machine-environment system engineering (MMESE) theory. Changqing oilfield applied MMESE to develop low-permeability reservoirs with extraordinary results, proving the value of MMESE. KeywordsApplicationMMESEChangqing oilfield

Collaborative Creative Processes That Challenge Us as "Anomaly", and Affirm Our Indigeneity and Enact Our Sovereignty

Audio

Health care in remote Australian Indigenous communities

Measuring the health and wellbeing impacts of cultural camps among Aboriginal adults: preliminary evidence from the Gaawaadhi Gadudha Research Collaborative

The Internet, viewed as a global information and communication network, has several significant characteristics. It facilitates the exchange of information, information is transmitted through communication networks, its number is practically not limited either by volume or by spheres of interest. The Internet, which is not owned by any state or organization, unites various information systems and telecommunication networks without national restrictions. The consumers of the transmitted information can be any subjects-users of the network. Most of the rules on the basis of which the Internet functions are protocols that allow the network to remain operational according to a variety of parameters. Taking into account the named characteristics, the Internet cannot remain outside the legal space. Therefore, the important question is at what level and who should determine the legal parameters for the functioning of the Internet. Is it possible to regulate only by international law due to the global nature of this network. To what extent does the national legislator have the right to regulate Internet governance issues? What should be the correlation between the norms of international and national law in this area? To what extent is its self-regulation permissible. The issue of legal regulation of the Internet is also important because of the need to consider the information and communication network as a means of realizing almost any human rights. Where there are rights, there are obligations and there is always the possibility of their violation. Thus, the possibility of realizing rights and freedoms via the Internet and at the same time the existence of a huge number of violations of these rights and freedoms confirm the need for the adoption of legal acts of different levels in this area. It seems that the on-net regulation (self-regulation) by the Internet community of relations in the network will not ensure freedom of the information space, will not establish clear rules of behavior for network users, in particular, because recommendations, resolutions, and other acts are not universal and obligatory for users, in including states. Therefore, in recent years, one can hear more and more often that in the sphere of regulating Internet governance issues, the adoption of acts containing, in particular, international legal standards that are binding on the national legislator is required. Gradually, international Internet law is being formed, designed to regulate general issues of Internet governance, relations between states in this area, measures of control over the use of the Internet and, most importantly, the observance of citizens' rights in it. Proposals have been made for the adoption of a Universal Declaration of Digital Rights, a Convention on the Safeguards and Protection of Human Rights in the Digital World, or a Digital Constitution. Or, perhaps, we should simply recognize the completed stage of the formation of the fourth generation of rights related to the information and digital revolution, and regulate the content of these rights, guarantees of their implementation by a new international document.

Negligible information is available regarding the Social and Emotional Wellbeing (SEWB) needs of Aboriginal Australian individuals in custody with cognitive impairment. This is problematic given that Aboriginal people with cognitive impairment often experience dual disadvantage in the context of the justice system. This study sought to ascertain the relationship between cognitive impairment and mental health/cultural needs (SEWB) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in custody. A sample of 122 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were administered a culturally themed semi-structured questionnaire in custodial settings in Victoria, Australia. The questionnaire included measures of cognitive impairment, SEWB and forensic needs. Analyses were performed to determine differences in the presence of SEWB and unmet custodial needs by level of cognitive impairment. Findings revealed a diminished level of wellbeing for cognitively impaired participants across several factors. Cognitive impairment was associated with poorer coping mechanisms, additional experiences of racism, difficulties handling emotions, discomfort around non-Aboriginal people and reduced access to meaningful activities in custody. All participants regardless of their level of impairment recognised the importance of cultural engagement; however, cognitively impaired participants had greater difficulty accessing/practicing cultural activities. Culturally responsive disability assistance should be available at all phases of the justice system for Indigenous people with cognitive impairment to ensure that equitable care is accessible and needs are addressed.

The derivation of a theory of systems engineering has long been complicated by the fact that there is little consensus within the systems engineering community regarding precisely what systems engineering is, what systems engineers do, and what might constitute reasonable systems engineering practices. To date, attempts at theories fail to accommodate even a sizable fraction of the current systems engineering community, and they fail to present a test of validity of systems theories, analytical methods, procedures, or practices. This article presents a more theoretical and more abstract approach to the derivation of a theory of systems engineering that has the potential to accommodate a broad segment of the systems engineering community and present a validity test. It is based on a simple preference statement: “I want the best system I can get.” From this statement, it is argued that a very rich theory can be obtained. However, most engineering disciplines are framed around a core set of widely accepted physical laws; to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to frame an engineering discipline around a preference.

The derivation of a theory of systems engineering has long been complicated by the fact that there is little consensus within the systems engineering community regarding precisely what systems engineering is, what systems engineers do, and what might constitute reasonable systems engineering practices. To date, attempts at theories fail to accommodate even a sizable fraction of the current systems engineering community, and they fail to present a test of validity of systems theories, analytical methods, procedures or practices. This paper presents a more theoretical and more abstract approach to the derivation of a theory of systems engineering that has the potential to accommodate a broad segment of the systems engineering community and present a validity test. It is based on a simple preference statement: “I want the best system I can get.” From this statement, it is argued that a very rich theory can be obtained. Whereas most engineering disciplines are framed around a core set of widely accepted physical laws, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to frame an engineering discipline around a preference.

George Friedman (Friedman, 2006) called for the development of a grand unified theory of systems engineering (GUTSE) echoing (Hill and Warfield, 1972) who wrote “development of a theory of systems engineering that will be broadly accepted is much to be desired.” Taking up the spirit of the challenge, this paper applies systems thinking to systems engineering to propose a framework that can serve as a vital element in formalizing the discipline of systems engineering and potentially as a platform for developing such a theory.This paper focuses on what systems engineers do, and builds on past research and success. Documenting research using an object‐oriented approach in a creative and innovative manner it discusses the evolution of a proposed framework for systems engineering that meets or shows promise of meeting the following four requirements (Kasser, 2006): The framework shall provide an understanding of why systems engineers can't agree on their roles and activities. The framework shall provide an understanding of the reasons for the overlap between systems engineering and management. The framework shall provide a way to cope with complexity. The framework shall enable the lowering of the cost of doing work by at least an order of magnitude.The framework is based on a combination of the Hitchins' five‐layer representation of systems engineering (Hitchins, 2000) extended by Kasser and Massie over the systems lifecycle phases (Kasser and Massie, 2001) coupled with Shenhar and Bonen's taxonomy of systems based on technological uncertainty (risk) (Shenhar and Bonen, 1997).

This paper provides a comprehensive synthesis of the seminal literature in complex systems to identify a group of key complex systems parameters and models relevant to both systems engineering and construction project management. The key research question addressed is whether the traditional practice of engineering, particularly as applied to project management and systems engineering projects, would benefit from recognising the large body of work of complex adaptive systems. A conceptual framework, which applies to both complex construction projects and systems engineering projects is presented to assist your system engineers and project managers in dealing with project complexity. Adaptivity is required in complex projects and this responsibility needs to be at the enterprise level of programs and portfolios. Complex adaptive systems models such as Ashby’s law of requisite variety, fractals and Power Laws, emergence, self-organisation and dynamic systems could benefit project based enterprises and system engineers. A group of complex systems tools, which are often neglected, such as mindfulness, preoccupation with failure, normalising deviance and humility are highlighted. A group of non-functional requirements for systems engineering projects is also proposed.

The public sphere is the space of communication of ideas and projects that emerge from society and are addressed to the decision makers in the institutions of society. The global civil society is the organized expression of the values and interests of society. The relationships between government and civil society and their interaction via the public sphere define the polity of society. The process of globalization has shifted the debate from the national domain to the global debate, prompting the emergence of a global civil society and of ad hoc forms of global governance. Accordingly, the public sphere as the space of debate on public affairs has also shifted from the national to the global and is increasingly constructed around global communication networks. Public diplomacy, as the diplomacy of the public, not of the government, intervenes in this global public sphere, laying the ground for traditional forms of diplomacy to act beyond the strict negotiation of power relationships by building on shared cultural meaning, the essence of communication.

: As current United States Department of Defense (DoD) system development and engineering activities continue to be challenged by formulation of larger and more complex systems, DoD's methods, processes, and tools (MPT) for effectively and efficiently addressing these challenges are likewise being challenged. The goal of this research was to develop a mixed methodological approach to examine systems development maturity. Qualitatively we intended to uncover and investigate the key characteristics that drive the development of large scale, complex systems. Quantitatively we used these key characteristics to formulate a collection of analytical MPT to assist in making informed systems engineering management decisions. To advance the state of practice of this research, all MPT developed under this task were validated through application on designated projects. The validation effort was designed to determine if they could be effectively implemented as a best practice across the Department of Defense. The need for this research is precipitated by the need for system engineering, development, and cost models that adequately incorporate the unique aspects of system and technology insertion and integration. This was then predicated on the following task objectives: *Leverage prior investments made in the System Readiness Level (SRL) body of knowledge to explore the effects of technology and integration maturity on systems engineering effort and cost *Expand the scope and applicability of the SRL to address potential systems engineering MPT; and *Enhance current SRL methods and tools to incorporate research-derived insights, provide expanded functionality, and demonstrate the utility of the tools in the context of a pilot project. At present, the SRL is a descriptive model that characterizes the effects of technology and integration maturity on a system engineering effort, particularly with respect to integrating discrete functional systems into a coherent mission capability.