Using machine‐assisted topic analysis to expedite thematic analysis of free‐text data: Exemplar investigation of factors influencing health behaviours and wellbeing during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Secondary Data Analysis of Large Data Sets in Urology: Successes and Errors to Avoid

The purpose of this study was to (1) describe health behaviors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of Latina and Asian-American breast cancer survivors (BCS), (2) estimate possible culturally driven predictors of health behaviors and HRQOL, and (3) compare pathways for predicting health behaviors and HRQOL between the two groups. Secondary data were used to investigate health behaviors and HRQOL among 183 Latina and 206 Asian Americans diagnosed with breast cancer. The study methodology was guided by the health belief model and the contextual model of HRQOL. Structural equation modeling was used to test cultural predictors on health behaviors of BCS. Asian Americans reported higher emotional and physical well-being scores than Latina-Americans. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the adequacy of the two-factor model ("powerful others" and "sociocultural factors") in the cultural health belief construct for Latina and Asian-American BCS. In the structural model, Latinas and Asian Americans showed different pathways in the predicted relationships among the variables. For Latina-Americans, doctor-patient relationship was positively related to exercise, and in turn, influenced physical and emotional well-being. For Asian Americans, treatment decisions and the "sociocultural factor" were significantly related to stress management. This study adds to the existing literature in that no study has focused on cultural health beliefs and health behaviors between Latina and Asian-American BCS. Evidence that Latinas and Asian Americans varied in the patterns of cultural factors influencing health behaviors and HRQOL might lead to the development of culturally sensitive breast cancer interventions for promoting positive health behavior and ultimately increasing HRQOL.

Phylogeny is central to the understanding of biodiversity and evolutionary processes. However, elucidating phylogenetic relationships in many groups has remained problematic due to their sheer size. The feasibility of phylogenetic analyses of large data sets has been questioned on both theoretical and empirical grounds. Some have suggested that large data sets be broken into a series of smaller problems for phylogenetic analysis. However, recent empirical studies and critical developments in methods of data analysis indicate that large data sets are tractable. We have learned a great deal about the analysis of large data sets via the angiosperms, for which three large molecular data sets have been constructed (plastid atpB and rbcL and nuclear 18S rDNA). We discuss three approaches successfully applied in our analyses of these large data sets. Parsimony analyses of separate and combined data sets representing hundreds of taxa indicate that “bigger is better.” That is, both empirical and simulation studies demonstrate that two solutions to dilemmas posed by large data sets is the addition of taxa as well as characters. Recent developments in software also greatly facilitate the parsimony analysis of large data sets. Applications such as NONA and the RATCHET can retrieve shorter trees than found by PAUP, and in much shorter run times. The recent development of “quick search” methods such as the fast bootstrap and fast jackknife are also of great utility in the analysis of large data sets. These methods are rapid and emphasize only those clades with strong support. All three of these approaches have recently been applied to a 567-taxon data set for angiosperms based on atpB, rbcL, and 18S rDNA sequences (a total of 4733 bp/taxon). Analyses of the combined three-gene data set have yielded the best-resolved and best-supported topology to date for angiosperms, with virtually all major clades, as well as the spine of the tree, well supported. These developments indicate that the phylogenetic analysis of large data sets is not only feasible, but relatively straightforward.

The Preventive Health Behaviors of Long-Term Survivors of Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Compared with Matched Controls

Purpose: Depressive disorders are commonly observed in adolescents. Earlier recognition and management of depression were proven effective in reducing incidents of depressive disorder. Based on the assumption that belief is the basis of health behavior, this study is to investigate the association of depression with personal health beliefs and health behaviors of college students, the differences in personal health belief and behaviors between depressive and non-depressive college students, and the predictability of depression tendency of college students based on personal health belief and behaviors. Methods: 516 students from two colleges in northern Taiwan were pre-selected for evaluation using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) short form, personal health behaviors scale, and health belief scale. A non-depressed group and a depressed group consists of 182 and 170 students were formed based on the total BDI score. Results: The differences in health beliefs between the non-depressed and depressed groups were most significant in four factors of passive belief: ”health is uncontrollable”, ”other things are more important than health”, and ”health is controlled by other factors”; and less agreement: ”maintaining health requires assistance with medical professionals”. The depressed subjects are more likely to commit to excessive drink, slimming, or dieting than their non-depressed counterparts, and they are less likely to sleep for 7 to 9 hours or have breakfast on a regular basis. About 75.4 percent of depressed subjects could be correctly detected based on variables of health issues including perceived life is not satisfactory, infrequent health behaviors and two health beliefs health is uncontrollable and other things are more important than health. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that depressed subjects were likely to have negative health beliefs, subjective dissatisfaction in life, less beneficial health behaviors, and more compromising health behaviors. Their disbelief in assistance by medical professionals for maintaining health further prevents them from carrying out beneficial health behaviors. Researchers in disciplines of health psychology and behavior medicine have advocated the interaction of body and psyche, claiming improving health-related behaviors could create more positive emotionality to reduce depression. Campus healthcare providers could consider formulating health behavior programs for adolescents to promote physical health and alleviate depressive mood.

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of records management in supporting the effective use of information visualisation and visual analytics (VA) to meet the challenges associated with the analysis of Big Data. Design/methodology/approach – This exploratory research entailed conducting and analysing interviews with a convenience sample of visual analysts and VA tool developers, affiliated with a major VA institute, to gain a deeper understanding of data-related issues that constrain or prevent effective visual analysis of large data sets or the use of VA tools, and analysing key emergent themes related to data challenges to map them to records management controls that may be used to address them. Findings – The authors identify key data-related issues that constrain or prevent effective visual analysis of large data sets or the use of VA tools, and identify records management controls that may be used to address these data-related issues. Originality/value – This paper discusses a relatively new field, VA, which has emerged in response to meeting the challenge of analysing big, open data. It contributes a small exploratory research study aimed at helping records professionals understand the data challenges faced by visual analysts and, by extension, data scientists for the analysis of large and heterogeneous data sets. It further aims to help records professionals identify how records management controls may be used to address data issues in the context of VA.

Given that health behaviors occur within the context of familial social relationships, a deeper understanding of social factors that influence health behaviors in Latinx families is needed to develop more effective diabetes prevention programming. This qualitative study identified perceived family-level social factors that influence health behaviors in Latinx adolescents (12–16 years; N = 16) and young adults (18–24 years; N = 15) with obesity and explored differences in perceptions across sex and age. Participants completed an in-depth interview that was recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic content analysis. Emergent themes central to health behaviors included: perceived parental roles and responsibilities, perceived family social support for health behaviors, and familial social relationships. Mom’s role as primary caregiver and dad’s role as a hard worker were seen as barriers to engaging in health behaviors among adolescent females and young adults, males and females. Adolescents perceived receiving more support compared to young adults and males perceived receiving more support compared to females. Health behaviors in both age groups were shaped through early familial social interactions around physical activity. These insights suggest that traditional gender roles, social support, and social interaction around health behaviors are critical components for family-based diabetes prevention programs in high-risk Latinx youth and young adults.

Objectives: In this study, we examined the impact of digital globalization on health behavior among students in Chinese schools, particularly in relation to the fight against COVID-19. Despite China's well-established system and positive health behavior towards the pandemic, students' health behavior is lacking. The study focuses on the role of ideological and political education in addressing this issue. Methods: Data were collected from Chinese schools with the help of a survey questionnaire by using area cluster sampling. Data analysis was carried out by employing Smart PLS. Results: We found that digital globalization has a positive effect on health behavior. Digital globalization also has a positive effect on global knowledge about COVID-19 and ideological and political education leading to health behavior. Conclusion: We identified that the influential role of digital globalization can change health behavior. Digital globalization led to global knowledge about the COVID-19 and further caused an influence health behavior among schools that led to improved health behavior of students. The outcomes of the study have valuable importance for the management of schools to decrease the effect of COVID-19 by developing positive health behavior.

A family-based health survey in northern Taiwan was conducted from July 1987 to June 1989, in order to determine whether adult health behavior is associated with family structure, age category, and gender. 1,580 households (2,656 adults) were selected from 50 subwards, proportionally according to population size. Trained public health nurses from the Taiwan Provincial Health Department were assigned to administer health surveys and take physical measurements according to standardized protocols. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Subjects in extended families had breakfast more frequently than those in nuclear families, while young subjects tended to have breakfast less frequently than older ones. (2) Male and younger subjects reported higher frequencies of sodium consumption than female and older subjects. (3) Subjects over 65 living in extended families performed physical exercise more often than their counterparts in nuclear families; males reported exercising more frequently than females. (4) Recreational activity decreased with age: among subjects over the age of 30, males reported significantly greater recreational activity than females. (5) Young subjects tended to sleep more than older ones. (6) Smoking was more prevalent among males than females. (7) Drinking was more prevalent among males than females. The study indicates that family structure plays a weak role in determination of adult health behavior; using the classifications of ”nuclear” or ”extended” families for household structure, no significant effect on health behavior could be detected. In order to understand the effect of family on the health behavior of individuals, additional indicators of family characteristics which may influence health behavior need to be investigated.

Many critical ecological issues require the analysis of large spatial point data sets - for example, modelling species distributions, abundance and spread from survey data. But modelling spatial relationships, especially in large point data sets, presents major computational challenges. We use a novel Bayesian hierarchical statistical approach, 'spatial predictive process' modelling, to predict the distribution of a major invasive plant species, Celastrus orbiculatus, in the northeastern USA. The model runs orders of magnitude faster than traditional geostatistical models on a large data set of c. 4000 points, and performs better than generalized linear models, generalized additive models and geographically weighted regression in cross-validation. We also use this approach to model simultaneously the distributions of a set of four major invasive species in a spatially explicit multivariate model. This multispecies analysis demonstrates that some pairs of species exhibit negative residual spatial covariation, suggesting potential competitive interaction or divergent responses to unmeasured factors.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of health belief on the relationship between health knowledge and health behavior among hypertensive patients with stroke. Methods The questionnaire of Stroke Knowledge Questionnaire (SKQ), Short Form Health Belief Model Scale(SF-HBMS)and health behavior scale for stroke patients(HBS-SP) were used to investigate the health knowledge, health belief and health behavior among 151 hypertensive stroke patients. The structural equation model was established using SPSS 17.0 and Mplus7.0 software. Results The total score of SKQ, SF-HBMS and HBS-SP were(86.23±14.67), (4.26±0.54)and(3.01±0.46). The Pearson r value for SKQ and SF-HBMS, SF-HBMS and HBS-SP, SKQ and HBS-SP were 0.516, 0.603 and 0.449, respectively, P<0.01. Health knowledge had no direct effect on health behavior.but had an indirect effect through health belief=0.338(P<0.01). The health knowledge has direct and positive effect on the health belief including perceived susceptibility, health motivation, and perceived benefit to health behaviors; the health belief of perceived seriousness to stroke has direct and positive effect on the health behavior, while perceived barrier has direct and negative effect on the health behavior, all P<0.05. Conclusion The health belief has mediator effect between health knowledge and health behavior among hypertensive stroke patients. Stroke education efforts should be targeted at not only health knowledge but also health belief in order to increase patients' health behavior so as to prevent secondary stroke. Key words: Hypertension; Ischemic stroke; Health belief; Health behavior; Mediator effect; Structural equation model

Decreased opportunities for physical activity and an abundance of calorically‐dense and fast foods are increasingly contributing to health problems for children. Schools serve as important avenues for the promotion of healthful eating and physical activity behaviors. Specifically, the adoption of evidence‐based policies pertaining to school lunch and recess have the potential to provide a sustainable means of promoting healthful behaviors and preventing childhood obesity. The interactive relationships between school lunch intake and physical activity during recess, however, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influence of lunch scheduling on both physical activity during recess and food intake at lunch. Fourth and fifth grade students (N=151, 91 females) were recruited from two low‐income (&gt;75% participation in free and reduced school lunch) schools. Lunch intake and physical activity attained during recess were assessed over a 5‐day period. Lunch intake was measured using a weighted plate waste technique assisted by digital photography, and physical activity during recess was measured using accelerometry. Lunch was scheduled either prior to or immediately following recess in each school. Relationships between physical activity and lunch variables were analyzed using partial correlations controlling for sex, recess timing, duration, and BMI. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was used to determine the impact of lunch timing (before vs. after recess) and scheduled time for both lunch and recess (15 min vs. 30 min) on nutritional intake and recess physical activity. Engagement in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) was inversely related to intakes of energy (r= −.23, p&lt;.001), carbohydrate (r=−.209, p=.037), fat (r=−.209, p=.037), and total sugars (r=−.228, p=.022). Children who received lunch before recess obtained greater PA (p=&lt;0.01) and were less sedentary (p=.03). In contrast, those who had lunch after recess had higher intakes of energy (p=.007), carbohydrates (p=.017), and fat (p &lt;.001). Interaction effects for PA were found between recess timing and recess duration (p &lt; .01), whereby for children who had a longer recess duration, scheduling recess after lunch achieved the greatest MVPA. Main effects were found for recess scheduling and vegetable consumption (p=.025) such that those who had lunch prior to recess consumed a significantly greater proportion of vegetables. These findings demonstrate that eating behaviors at lunch and physical activity during recess are interrelated. Further, provision of lunch prior to recess was related to greater vegetable intake and engagement in physical activity during recess. The finding that lunch intake and PA were influenced by contextual factors provides support for the importance of school policies in influencing health behaviors. Future experimental trials are necessary to determine whether school lunch/recess policy provides improvement in health behaviors in the school setting and reduction of childhood obesity risk.Support or Funding InformationFunded by the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health at the University of Illinois

BackgroundCollege students’ health behavior is a topic that deserves attention. Individual factors and eHealth literacy may affect an individual’s health behaviors. The integrative model of eHealth use (IMeHU) provides a parsimonious account of the connections among the digital divide, health care disparities, and the unequal distribution and use of communication technologies. However, few studies have explored the associations among individual factors, eHealth literacy, and health behaviors, and IMeHU has not been empirically investigated.ObjectiveThis study examines the associations among individual factors, eHealth literacy, and health behaviors using IMeHU.MethodsThe Health Behavior Scale is a 12-item instrument developed to measure college students’ eating, exercise, and sleep behaviors. The eHealth Literacy Scale is a 12-item instrument designed to measure college students’ functional, interactive, and critical eHealth literacy. A nationally representative sample of 525 valid college students in Taiwan was surveyed. A questionnaire was administered to collect background information about participants’ health status, degree of health concern, major, and the frequency with which they engaged in health-related discussions. This study used Amos 6.0 to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis to identify the best measurement models for the eHealth Literacy Scale and the Health Behavior Scale. We then conducted a multiple regression analysis to examine the associations among individual factors, eHealth literacy, and health behaviors. Additionally, causal steps approach was used to explore indirect (mediating) effects and Sobel tests were used to test the significance of the mediating effects.ResultsThe study found that perceptions of better health status (t520=2.14-6.12, P<.001-.03) and greater concern for health (t520=2.58-6.95, P<.001-.003) influenced college students’ development of 3 dimensions of eHealth literacy and adoption of healthy eating, exercise, and sleep behaviors. Moreover, eHealth literacy played an intermediary role in the association between individual factors and health behaviors (Sobel test=2.09-2.72, P<.001-.03). Specifically, higher levels of critical eHealth literacy promoted students’ health status and their practice of multiple positive health behaviors, including eating, exercise, and sleep behaviors.ConclusionsBecause this study showed that eHealth literacy mediates the association between individual factors and health behaviors, schools should aim to enhance students’ eHealth literacy and promote their health behaviors to help them achieve high levels of critical eHealth literacy. Although some of the study’s hypotheses were not supported in this study, the factors that influence health behaviors are complex and interdependent. Therefore, a follow-up study should be conducted to further explore how these factors influence one another.

One of the health problems in Indonesia is the increasing death rate caused by non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This problem is related to the increasing number of people who engage in unhealthy behaviours. In the context of health communication, health campaign activities are expected to reduce these problems. This research analyzes the factors that influence health behaviour using a theoretical framework of ideation. Data was collected through a survey method using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey was conducted in Depok City and Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The respondents were residents aged fifteen years and over who had been exposed to health promotion campaigns or activities from the various communication channels used. The total sample size was 240 respondents. The variables in this research were education, communication channels, ideation, and health behaviour. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the empirical data and test the hypotheses. The results of the research demonstrate that the factors that directly influence health behaviour are communication channels and ideation. Education was found to not be able to directly influence health behaviour, but it does use ideation as a mediating variabel. This research also proves that ideation can be a mediating variable in health behaviour. Ideation is a significant factor influencing health behaviour. The findings of this research have implications for health campaign program designers, who should consider incorporating campaign messages that can increase ideation factors to improve public health behaviour and prevent NCDs. Keywords: Communication channel, health behaviour, health campaign, health communication, ideation.

Objective To discuss the effect of family-based health management model on health beliefs and behavior among the community patients with hyperuricemia. Methods We randomly split 281 community patients with hyperuricemia into research group and control group from April 2011 to March 2012, while the 139 patients in the control group received regular health management, and 142 patients in the research group adopted the family-based health management based on the regular method. After 12 months, we evaluated the changes between two groups in respect of their beliefs and behavior of health care and family functions by using champion health belief model scale (CHBMS), health promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP II), and family assessment device (FAD). Results Before intervention, no obvious difference was found between the two groups in terms of the patients′ health beliefs and behavior as well as their family functions (P>0.05). After 12 months′ intervention, the total score of patients′ health beliefs and behavior in the research group were (23.07±5.87), (123.49±9.22), statistically significant higher than that in the control group (t=5.46, 5.31; P 0.05). Conclusions The application of family-based health management model not only promotes the health beliefs and behavior of the patients with hyperuricemia, but also optimizes their family function. Key words: Hyperuricemia; Community nursing; Health belief; Health behavior; Family-based health management model