Abstract
The efficacy of controlled atmospheres of high nitrogen concentration (99.9%) and various carbon dioxide concentrations (25, 50,75and 99.9%) was investigated against adults and larvae of two insects attacking historic objects in Egypt, the black carpet beetle and the cigarette beetle. Also, the effect of temperature and exposures time on the mortality of insects was examined. Results revealed that the efficiency of CO2 and N2 gases was increased with increasing gas concentration, temperature and exposure time. Carbon dioxide gas was more toxic to both insects than nitrogen gas at the same conditions. Larvae of both species were more susceptible than adults to both gases.
Highlights
The black carpet beetle Attagenus fasciatus is considered to be a pest in the museums where it attacks organic articles, such as furs, hides, insect specimens, wool articles and oil seeds (Back and cotton, 1936)
According to LC50 values of CO2 and LT50 values of N2 for A. fasciatus and L. serricorne, results showed that, adult stage was more tolerant to CO2 and N2 than larval stages
The mortality of A. fasciatus and L. serricorne increased as the exposure time and gas concentration increased
Summary
The black carpet beetle Attagenus fasciatus is considered to be a pest in the museums where it attacks organic articles, such as furs, hides, insect specimens, wool articles and oil seeds (Back and cotton, 1936). Carpet beetle larvae cause damage by feeding on a wide variety of materials including fur, feathers, wool and silk cloth, wool felt, hair and skins. Chemical applications were widely used in museum to eradicate pests. Such application may be harmful to museum articles (Dawson, 1988). Studies have shown that fumigation with traditional chemicals can cause harm to museum operators, destroy the environment, and may damage rare antiquities and artifacts (Florian, 1988). Recent changes in public attitude and government regulations have increased the pressure to minimize the use of pesticides and have encouraged the use of preventative measures and less toxic materials and methods
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