Abstract
Principles of modern surgical education for clerkship and residency were established by the novel approaches of Sir William Osler, MD, Flexner report, and Halsted's principles. The evaluation of surgical education has continued to benefit from the wisdom of the past by harnessing technologies. Rapidly changing and improving the nature of the surgery fostered that evaluation and enforced the institutions to find new solutions for surgical education.In the present descriptive technical report, our aim was threefold: (1) to share acquired educational materials based on immersive technologies involving 3D-printing, Augmented Reality (AR), and 360-degree video recording to improve ongoing pediatric surgery student training at our faculty, (2) to describe workflow underlying the construction of the materials, and (3) to provide approaches that may help other students and lecturers to develop their educational materials.The educational materials, including 3D-printed models, AR hybrid student book, a hydrogel-based simulation model of the kidney, and Mirror World Simulation, were constructed. The authors, who are medical students, led the construction of the educational materials, so the educational materials were shaped by a collaboration between students and pediatric surgeons.The materials constructed enabled the students to practice surgical procedures and experience different surgical environments. We believe these educational materials can serve as a valuable resource for training in many medical specialties in the future.This work was presented at the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Quality and Safety Conference Virtual, August 21-24, 2020.
Highlights
Medical education has evolved dramatically from ancient times to the present
Many tools and technologies involving simulations, smartphones, tablets, telemedicine, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality, 360-degree video recording, wearable devices, digital games, e-learning environments, atlases accompanied by AR, virtual patients, and 3 Dimensional (3D)-printed models are in use to facilitate students' essential knowledge acquisition and help them to gain required skills [3,4]
Much more educational materials are in progress to meet the requirements of medical education that have been changing under the influence of many factors involving the changes in pedagogical methods, health care environment, roles of the physician, students' profile, and rapidly increasing volume of medical knowledge [3,4,5,6]
Summary
Medical education has evolved dramatically from ancient times to the present. One of the milestones in that evaluation is the detailed illustrations drawn during the Renaissance, which enabled physicians to explore the human anatomy, make discoveries and inventions in various medical fields, and translate their knowledge to trainees [1,2]. Much more educational materials are in progress to meet the requirements of medical education that have been changing under the influence of many factors involving the changes in pedagogical methods, health care environment, roles of the physician, students' profile, and rapidly increasing volume of medical knowledge [3,4,5,6]. In this descriptive technical report, we wanted to describe educational materials developed using immersive technologies to improve ongoing pediatric surgery student training in our faculty [7,8,9]. Students and surgeons worked collaboratively on the construction of educational material; they embedded it into the theoretical and practical curriculum of pediatric surgery clerkship
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