Abstract
Consistent ginger shoot orientation helps to ensure consistent ginger emergence and meet shading requirements. YOLO v3 is used to recognize ginger images in response to the current ginger seeder’s difficulty in meeting the above agronomic problems. However, it is not suitable for direct application on edge computing devices due to its high computational cost. To make the network more compact and to address the problems of low detection accuracy and long inference time, this study proposes an improved YOLO v3 model, in which some redundant channels and network layers are pruned to achieve real-time determination of ginger shoots and seeds. The test results showed that the pruned model reduced its model size by 87.2% and improved the detection speed by 85%. Meanwhile, its mean average precision (mAP) reached 98.0% for ginger shoots and seeds, only 0.1% lower than the model before pruning. Moreover, after deploying the model to the Jetson Nano, the test results showed that its mAP was 97.94%, the recognition accuracy could reach 96.7%, and detection speed could reach 20 frames·s−1. The results showed that the proposed method was feasible for real-time and accurate detection of ginger images, providing a solid foundation for automatic and accurate ginger seeding.
Highlights
The adjustment of ginger shoot orientation is a critical part of the ginger sowing, and its planting agronomy requires that the ginger shoots face the same direction and are southwest [2]
Planting is mainly done in small plots by manual work in China, and ginger seeds should be placed flat in the planting ditch according to the requirements of keeping the ginger shoots orientation consistent during sowing
The sparse training was achieved by adding the L1-normalization of γ-values for the batch normalization (BN) layer into the loss function of the ginger recognition network, and the constantcoefficient α in the loss function was set to 5 × 10−4, 1 × 10−3, 5 × 10−3, respectively, to maintain high performance and high sparsity of the sparse model
Summary
The adjustment of ginger shoot orientation is a critical part of the ginger sowing, and its planting agronomy requires that the ginger shoots face the same direction and are southwest [2]. This practice is conducive to the accumulation of heat in the young shoots to grow strong seedlings and play a role in shading the newborn seedlings during the main stem grows. Planting is mainly done in small plots by manual work in China, and ginger seeds should be placed flat in the planting ditch according to the requirements of keeping the ginger shoots orientation consistent during sowing. The rapid identification of ginger shoots and seeds through edge computing devices (ECD) are essential to promote the automation of ginger sowing machines and improve ginger yield and the economic efficiency of ginger farmers
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