Using artificial intelligence tools for level of service classifications within the smart city concept

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles are shaping our daily lives, society, and will continue to transform how we will fight future wars. Advances in AI technologies have fueled an explosion of interest in the military and political domain. As AI technologies evolve, there will be increased reliance on these systems to maintain global security. For the individual and society, AI presents challenges related to surveillance, personal freedom, and privacy. For the military, we will need to exploit advances in AI technologies to support the warfighter and ensure global security. The integration of AI technologies in the battlespace presents advantages, costs, and risks in the future battlespace. This chapter will examine the issues related to advances in AI technologies, as we examine the benefits, costs, and risks associated with integrating AI and autonomous systems in society and in the future battlespace.

The concept of smart city evolved with the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in various sub-systems and processes in urban environment. The development of the smart cities is the best possible solution to major urban issues. It contributes towards economic and social development of the residents. It aims to provide the cordial environment in the domains of healthcare, education, transportation, power generation and dissipation, security, living, industry, etc., to the inhabitants to make their lives comfortable. Sustainability of these services is another major objective in a smart city framework. Along with the true realization of the idea of a smart city, advanced computational and communication technologies are contributing hugely towards its sustainable development. Communication technologies act as backbone to ensure connectivity at the various levels in a smart city framework. Novel smart city solutions for different application domains are designed and deployed by the industry using advanced computational technologies like IoT, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Big Data and Cloud Computing. In this work, authors discuss the concept of smart city, its architecture and sustainability. Different operational domains in a smart city ecosystem are elaborated. The cyber physical aspect of the smart cities is discussed in brief. The role of various computational and communication technologies in the sustainable development of smart cities is presented. Limiting factors in the deployment of various advanced technologies in different smart city domains are highlighted. Security issues associated with the technological sustainable development of different smart city services along with existing solutions are discussed. The article is concluded by highlighting the future research directions.

This article considers an urgent problem of personalization of learning in the context of the development of smart cities, where educational processes should be not only effective, but also adapted to the individual needs of students. The authors present an innovative adaptive educational platform developed using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies. The platform analyzes students real-time data, including their academic achievements, preferences and learning styles, to offer personalized learning trajectories. The main goal of the research is to demonstrate how AI technologies can be integrated into smart city education systems to improve learning and inclusion. The platform uses machine learning algorithms to automatically customize learning materials, allowing for individualized learning experiences for each student. This not only improves the learning process, but also reduces the workload of teachers, freeing up their time for more creative and strategic tasks. An important aspect of the study is the integration of the platform into the infrastructure of smart cities. The authors emphasize that such technologies not only improve educational processes, but also contribute to the sustainable development of the urban environment. The platform helps optimize the use of educational resources, reduce the cost of education and provide equal access to quality education for all individuals, regardless of their social status or physical capabilities. In conclusion, the article proposes new approaches to the organization of educational processes in smart cities based on AI technologies. The presented platform shows potential for scaling and implementation in various educational institutions, which makes it an important tool for shaping the future of education. The authors also discuss possible challenges associated with the implementation of such technologies, including data privacy and ethical issues in the use of AI, and suggest ways to address them.

Despite the importance of the smart city concept, few works address how to define and implement smart cities in a clear manner. Furthermore, the smart city literature provides heterogeneous studies and solutions; this heterogeneity creates misunderstanding regarding the smart city definition and strategy. Moreover, stakeholders have multiple and conflicting interests and concerns, which also increase the ambiguity regarding the smart city concept and approach. To meet this challenge and fill this gap, a smart city frame of reference is needed to frame and guide smart city strategy formulation and implementation. In this perspective, the current research conducts a quantitative analysis of various smart city frameworks and strategies, in order to find and demonstrate the common building blocks of a smart city framework. Based on the quantitative analysis, this work proposes a clear and integrative smart city framework. This framework aims to reduce the misunderstanding and ambiguity regarding smart city definitions and strategies by providing a standard smart city approach that fits all smart city contexts. To this effect, the proposed framework considers all smart city concerns and it is composed of the following blocks: Strategic awareness, business strategic planning, IT investment decisions, IT organizational structure, steering committee, IT prioritization process, IT strategic planning, IT budgeting, marketing plan, IT reaction capacity, IT reporting and management strategy.

This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in mitigating the effects of global warming, which stands as one of the most pressing and complex challenges of our time. The purpose of this research is to examine how various AI technologies, including machine learning, neural networks, and big data analytics, can be leveraged to enhance climate modeling, optimize energy systems, improve agricultural practices, and support carbon capture and storage efforts. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, this paper aims to highlight current advancements, practical applications, and relevant case studies that demonstrate the potential of AI to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable practices across different sectors. The study synthesizes findings from recent academic research, industry reports, and real-world implementations to provide an in-depth analysis of the benefits and challenges associated with integrating AI into climate action strategies. The methodology involves a thorough examination of the existing literature, identifying key areas where AI has shown significant promise in addressing various aspects of global warming. This includes enhancing the accuracy of climate predictions, optimizing the efficiency of renewable energy systems, improving precision agriculture techniques, and increasing the effectiveness of carbon capture and storage technologies. The conclusions drawn from this research underscore the transformative potential of AI in combating global warming. The findings highlight the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration, advancements in AI technologies, and the development of supportive policy frameworks to maximize the impact of these innovations. The paper emphasizes that while AI offers significant potential to address global warming, realizing this potential requires addressing several challenges, including data quality and availability, integration with existing systems, ethical considerations, and economic and policy barriers. Furthermore, this paper discusses the critical role of AI in enabling more effective climate adaptation strategies. As the impacts of global warming become increasingly apparent, AI-driven tools and solutions can help communities and ecosystems adapt to changing environmental conditions. This includes providing early warning systems for natural disasters, optimizing resource allocation during climate-related crises, and supporting the development of resilient infrastructure. In addition to technological advancements, the paper also explores the importance of public engagement and citizen science in enhancing the effectiveness of AI applications in environmental monitoring and climate action. By involving citizens in data collection and environmental monitoring, AI models can access more diverse and localized data, improving their accuracy and relevance. Public engagement can also raise awareness about AI's role in addressing climate change and foster greater support for sustainable practices. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI applications in mitigating global warming, offering insights into the future directions and emerging trends in this rapidly evolving field. The research highlights the need for continued innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and supportive policy measures to fully harness the potential of AI in the fight against global warming and to ensure a sustainable future for all. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.464

In the past decade, the concept of “smart cities” has gained popularity as a way to address and manage challenges and complexities in urban areas. Different smart city frameworks have been proposed and the term “framework” has been defined, examined and proposed in various ways, with each interpretation taking a distinct approach. From a different angle, some frameworks highlight how the smart city concept is implemented, while others concentrate on assessing the initiatives’ level of success. An additional collection of frameworks concentrated on the essential elements needed to make up a smart city. This research explicitly analyses frameworks concentrating on fundamental components to identify and suggest essential elements for developing an adaptable, sustainable smart city structure. Using a methodological approach that focused on the core elements of smart city structure, the research comprised of conducting a systematic literature review (SLR), and carrying out an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of existing frameworks. Based on the area of focus, the analysed frameworks were grouped into four categories: human-centric, techno-centric, integrated human-techno-centric and environmental-focus frameworks for easy SWOT analysis. The findings revealed that cyber-security issues pose threats to all frameworks and there are technological dependency vulnerabilities. This shows that technology is the driver/enabler of achieving smart city status. In addition, with the help of proper governance and effective management, involving citizens is key to releasing the potential for sustainable smart forms. Hence, the authors believe that technology, good governance, environmental concerns and citizens are essential components of an adaptable, sustainable smart city framework. A framework built on these crucial components is unique because it can be customised to fit any city. Management, infrastructural development and degree of public participation depend on different city configurations.

21st century has witnessed a profound metamorphosis in human civilization, primarily driven by the confluence of advanced network technologies and industrial modernization. This transformative period has expanded our understanding of the world, paving the way for innovative concepts such as the “smart city”. At its essence, a smart city harnesses the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to revolutionize urban living, presenting a paradigm shift towards more efficient service models and an elevated standard of living for its inhabitants. Integrating AI into the fabric of urban infrastructure marks a monumental leap in societal evolution, underscoring the imperative to cultivate and advance AI technologies. This paper endeavors to elucidate the multifaceted applications of AI within the domains of smart cities, illuminating its pivotal role in shaping and advancing our contemporary era. From intelligent transportation systems and energy management to public safety and healthcare, AI permeates various aspects of urban life, ushering in unprecedented efficiencies and novel solutions to age-old challenges. The symbiotic relationship between AI and smart cities is explored in detail, showcasing how AI technologies are instrumental in optimizing resource allocation, improving decision-making processes, and ultimately enhancing the overall quality of life. Furthermore, this paper delves into the imperative of fostering the development and advancement of AI technologies within the context of smart cities. It underscores the interconnectedness of technological progress and urban development, emphasizing how a concerted effort to cultivate AI capabilities can propel cities into a future marked by sustainable growth, resilience, and innovation. The exploration of challenges and opportunities in deploying AI within urban environments adds a critical dimension to the discourse, encouraging a balanced consideration of ethical, regulatory, and societal implications. In conclusion, this paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue surrounding smart cities and the transformative impact of AI. By shedding light on the diverse applications of AI within urban landscapes and emphasizing its pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of our era, it underscores the critical importance of advancing AI technology development for the continued progress of smart cities and, by extension, the broader global community.

The continuous goal of discovering extraterrestrial life has driven scientific interest in exoplanets—celestial bodies orbiting stars outside our solar system. Traditional methods of exoplanet detection, reliant on manual analysis and prone to human error, presented unavoidable challenges given the vastness of the universe. This paper aims to discuss the benefits and limitations of AI within the exoplanet detection field, and determine whether the highly-regarded artificial intelligence is as beneficial to astronomical fields as we think. With the introduction of the first ever fully-robotic exoplanet detector which takes high-precision radial velocity measurements to measure the gravitational reflex motion, and advancing computer algorithms that avoid human errors in data analysis, modern advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have not only transformed the efficiency and accuracy of exoplanet detection, but also extended our understanding of these distant worlds. While the use of AI does have its benefits, there are several drawbacks that could potentially hinder further advancement in the field of exoplanet detection.

A Disaster is an event that causes substantial loses to life, property and environment during a very short time. In this age where urbanization is at its prime, most of the population density is found concentrated in cities. Hence a disaster around such huge population bursts can cause a substantial loss of life and property. The concept of smart cities is a rapidly growing phenomenon for many developing nations. The infrastructure of such cities is being revamped in order to achieve the smart city goals. In this context, many sectors and development indices are taken into consideration for making a city smart. For new cities where everything is built from scratch, this is a more easier task to plan everything from smart city point-of-view. But for existing cities this poses a real challenge as the existing framework has to be replaced or redesigned accordingly. Most cities have little practices for disaster preparedness and put all efforts on disaster response and recovery. An effective Disaster Management plan has to effectively handle all stages of disaster—preparedness, response and recovery. To make this Disaster Management plan more effective, a spatial component is proposed in our study. The spatial component in a disaster management framework helps to better understand the disaster and take necessary steps for its management. In this paper we concentrate on the inclusion of smart city concepts into a spatial disaster management framework to prepare a robust plan in all stages of a Disaster.

From a photograph of a malfunctioning digital sign, this article discusses the interplay between the concept of Smart Cities and the impacts of using advanced surveillance and control technologies in urban spaces, questioning the system's failure and its consequences on citizens' lives. The text addresses the specific challenges faced in implementing Smart Cities in the Global South, examining the operation of new forms of colonialism and a new model of capitalism based on the data market. Primarily based in the Global North, these models can distort the relationships between individuals and their connections with the world and cities, highlighting their role in exacerbating socioeconomic and cultural tensions. The text presents Smart Sampa, a project underpinned by the concept of Smart Cities under progress in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as a means of elucidating the complexity of programs that promise to manage cities through labyrinthine digital networks that integrate everything from surveillance cameras to government services on a single platform. The study prioritizes diverse knowledge frameworks, employing a non-hierarchical and cross-cutting approach that connects empirical findings and scholarly sources and fostering a debate on the myths of infallibility and neutrality surrounding these control technologies. The article is an investigative exercise that examines concepts, approaches, and potential gaps within the Smart Cities framework, which inspire artistic and activist actions that challenge the assumed normalcy imposed by such technologies.

The Smart City concept is still evolving and can be viewed as a branding exercise by big corporations, which is why the concept is not being used by the United Nations (U.N.). Smart Cities tend to represent the information, communication, and technological (ICT) industry alone without considering the values and cultural and historical profiles that some cities hold as legacies. However, the technology inherent in Smart Cities promises efficiencies and options that could allow cities to be more “inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable” as required by the U.N. agenda including cultural heritage. There is a notable lack of Smart City application to cultural and historical urban fabrics. Instead, the modernist new town approach has emerged under this new rubric leading to many problems such as urban decay and unsustainable car dependence. This study therefore presents a review of the literature on the nature, challenges, and opportunities of Smart Cities. A new Smart Cities framework is proposed based on the dimensions of culture, metabolism, and governance. These findings seek to inform policy makers of an alternative viewpoint on the Smart City paradigm, which focuses on urban outcomes rather than technology in isolation.

“Smart cities” is a hot topic in debates about urban policy and practice across the globe. There is, however, limited knowledge and understanding about trending smart city concepts and technologies; relationships between popular smart city concepts and technologies; policies that influence the perception and utilization of smart city concepts and technologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate how smart city concepts and technologies are perceived and utilized in cities. The methodology involves a social media analysis approach—i.e., systematic geo-Twitter analysis—that contains descriptive, content, policy, and spatial analyses. For the empirical investigation, the Australian context is selected as the testbed. The results reveal that: (a) innovation, sustainability, and governance are the most popular smart city concepts; (b) internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, and autonomous vehicle technology are the most popular technologies; (c) a balanced view exists on the importance of both smart city concepts and technologies; (d) Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane are the leading Australian smart cities; (e) systematic geo-Twitter analysis is a useful methodological approach for investigating perceptions and utilization of smart city concepts and technologies. The findings provide a clear snapshot of community perceptions on smart city concepts and technologies, and can inform smart city policymaking.

“Smart cities” is a hot topic in debates about urban policy and practice across the globe. There is, however, limited knowledge and understanding about trending smart city concepts and technologies; relationships between popular smart city concepts and technologies; policies that influence the perception and utilization of smart city concepts and technologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate how smart city concepts and technologies are perceived and utilized in cities. The methodology involves a social media analysis approach—i.e., systematic geo-Twitter analysis—that contains descriptive, content, policy, and spatial analyses. For the empirical investigation, the Australian context is selected as the testbed. The results reveal that: (a) innovation, sustainability, and governance are the most popular smart city concepts; (b) internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, and autonomous vehicle technology are the most popular technologies; (c) a balanced view exists on the importance of both smart city concepts and technologies; (d) Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane are the leading Australian smart cities; (e) systematic geo-Twitter analysis is a useful methodological approach for investigating perceptions and utilization of smart city concepts and technologies. The findings provide a clear snapshot of community perceptions on smart city concepts and technologies, and can inform smart city policymaking.

The rise of global urbanisation has led to massive pressures on resources such as food, water, infrastructure, and energy demand to support growing populations. It brings adverse impacts on the liveable condition and economic growth of a country if this problem remains unsolved. Smart city is a potential solution to address the challenges of urbanisation by leveraging the technological breakthrough such as internet of things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, big data, and cloud computing to facilitate scarce resources planning and management. With numerous connected devices and vast communication networks, it poses a challenges of security threat which cannot be addressed by the conventional cybersecurity solutions. Blockchain offers a solution in securing the huge numbers of connected devices in smart city network. The application of blockchain technology is leading in the banking and financial industry. However, the uses and implementations in smart city have emerged in recent years. The combination of blockchain technology and smart city has offered a great potential for sustainable development. Thus, it is imperative to discuss the potential of these two elements in making the city safer and sustainable. This paper explores how the blockchain technology application can help in managing smart city and achieve sustainability. The findings revealed that there are five key areas of blockchain application in smart city which are smart governance, smart mobility, smart asset, smart utility and smart logistic. A framework for smart sustainable city with blockchain technology is presented as an outcome of this study. It gives a clear overview for the policy makers and regulators of how blockchain supports within smart city framework. It facilitates the transition towards smart and sustainable cities through the use of blockchain.

A smart city is a future solution to better management of the city and people. Recent researches have highlighted the necessity of smart city projects to improve urban lifestyle for the growing population. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Despite being a developing country, Bangladesh still lacks a smart city. A smart city framework is required to ameliorate urban lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to address a conceptual framework for a smart city project focusing on sustainable development in Bangladesh. The research approach follows an exhaustive literature review to collect suitable information to design the new smart city framework. Necessary information to design a smart city framework such as the core smart city dimensions and the sustainability indictors are identified through the thorough literature review. From the extracted information a new smart city framework is developed focusing on sustainable development. The findings of this study offer a clear overview of the smart city core dimensions and factors that influence sustainability in a smart city. The research presents a smart city framework that can be followed in a developing country like Bangladesh.