Abstract
Abstract Before publication of the 1977 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), radiation protection standards were based on dose limits to single organs. These dose limits were only loosely linked to the expected genetic effects in the first two generations from gonadal doses and to the risk of fatal cancer from doses to specific organs. In 1977 the ICRP recommended the use of the effective dose equivalent (EDE), which is a method of summing the doses (weighted with relative risk coefficients) to all organs and tissues, and recommended an annual limit for EDE. The EDE annual limit was based on the total fatal cancer risk to an individual, combined with risk of the total serious deleterious genetic effects in the first two generations of offspring. Since the 1977 recommendations were published, a total risk or total detriment approach has been extended to include nonfatal cancers and genetic effects for all subsequent generations (i.e., the total health detriment...
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