Abstract
This article presents the development, validation and application of a new multi-residue method for simultaneous determination of 36 pharmaceuticals (histamine receptor antagonists, psychoactive stimulant, antiepileptics, antihypertensive, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, lipid regulator, antibiotics, antibacterial, skin care ingredient and metabolites of nicotine and lipid regulators) in surface water using solid phase extraction (Strata-X at pH 5) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Recoveries were greater than 70% with less than 20% SD for the majority of analytes. The instrumental quantification limit was between 2 and 181 pg, and method quantification limit varied from 0.5 to 98 ng L−1 in spiked stream water. The pH and sorbent dependence of matrix effects is discussed. The optimised method was used to determine the occurrence of target analytes in surface water from the coastal Lake Erie in Oregon, northwest Ohio. Seventeen analytes were detected with concentrations up to hundreds of nanogram per litre in stream and lake water samples.
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